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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the main fuctions of the respiratory system? |
Bring oxygen into the body Remove Co2 Act as a buffer for pH control Enables vocalisation |
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What are the three main fuctions of the nose? |
smell warms, filters and moisten air Aid in sound production |
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What is the purpose of the conchae |
Very vascular so helps with warming of the blood |
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Describe the tissue lining of the nose |
Pseudostratified, cilliated, columnar epithelium Goblet Cells Course Hair |
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What does mucus do in the nose? |
Comes from goblet cells to moisten the air |
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What does the cillia do with small particles? |
Moves them backwards to either be swallowed or spat out |
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What is the role of the pharynx? |
Passage way for air and food Provides resonating chamber for sound |
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Describe the Eustacian tube |
Connects middle ear to nasopharynx Maintains equal pressure |
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Where are the maxillary sinuses located? |
beneath the cheeks andunder the eyes. |
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Where are the frontal sinuses located? |
above the eyes behind theforehead. |
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Where are the ethmoid sinuses located? |
honeycomb shaped sinuseslocated between the eyes |
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Where are the sphenoid sinuses located? |
located behind the nose andbelow the brain |
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What are the three main fuctions of the larynx? |
Control airflow Protection of airway Production of sound |
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Describe the Larynx |
Connects pharynx to trachea Lies in front of vertebrae C4-C6 Has 9 pieces of cartilage |
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Where is the trachea located? |
Lies infront of the oesophagus |
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Describe the trachea |
Approx.12 cms. long and 2.5 cms. in diameter Largetrachea – C rings prevents collapse Linedwith Pseudostratified ciliated columnarepithelium Smooth(white) muscle |
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Where is the main right bronchus located? |
base of the larynx |
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describe the difference between the L and the R bronchus |
R- more verticle, shorter and wider than L |
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Describe surfactant |
90%lipid, 10% protein Starts being secreted at week 22 Synthesised by Type ll pneumocytes and released into alveolar Lowers surface tension whichprevents alveolar collapse, improves lung compliance and decreases work ofbreathing |
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What is the parietal pleura? |
outer layer-attached to thewall of the thoracic cavity. |
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What is the visceral pleura? |
lines the lungs |
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Describe the lining of the respiratory tract |
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells,containing goblet cells |
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What is tidal volume? |
The volume of air breathedin and out without conscious effort |
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What is inspiratory Reserve Volume? |
The additional volume of air that can beinhaled with maximum effort after a normal inspiration (Approx. 3000ml) |
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What is Expiratory Reserve Volume? |
The additional volume ofair that can be forcibly exhaled after normal exhalation (approx.1000ml). |
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What is vital capacity? |
The total volume of airthat can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation: VC = TV + IRV + ERV6 |
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what is residual volume? |
The volume of air remainingin the lungs after maximum exhalation (the lungs can never be completely emptied |
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what is total lung capacity? |
•(TLC): = VC + RV =6000mls in men, 4.5000mlsin women |
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What is minute ventilation? |
The volume of air breathedin 1 minute:(TV)(breaths/minute)}~ |
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what is external respiration? |
Diffusion of oxygen from thealveoli into the pulmonary circulation and the diffusion of carbon dioxide inthe opposite direction |
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What is internal respiration? |
•Between theblood and the tissues/cell.•Via passive diffusion |
