Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Breathing |
the movement of air in and out of the lungs |
|
|
Gas exchange |
the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood in lungs |
|
|
Respiration |
the breakdown of food to release energy in the form of atp and heat |
|
Parts of the respiratory system |
Nasal cavity trachea Bronchi Bronchiole lungs alveoli Diaphragm |
|
|
Nasal cavity |
contains small hairs to trap dust and bacteria; moistens air |
|
|
Trachea |
Filters the air we breathe branches into the bronchi |
|
|
Bronchi |
two air tubes that branch off from the trachea which carry air directly to the lungs |
|
|
Lungs |
take in oxygen and expels carbon dioxide |
|
|
Bronchiole |
cary air to and from the alveoli |
|
|
Cillia |
cells that line the trachea and beat to move mucus together with any trapped micro organisms and dirt away from the lungs towards the mouth. The mucus is then either swalloweds then digested or coughed up |
|
|
Alveoli |
tiny air sacs which provide a wide surface area for gaseous exchange |
|
|
Diaphram |
Dome shaped muscle which expands and contracts when we breathe helps to pump carbon dioxide out of the lungs and pulls oxygen into the lungs |
|
Gaseous exchange |
During this process oxygen diffuses from the air in the alveolus into the blood capillaries around the alveolus and carbon dioxide diffuses in the opposite direction |
|
|
Characteristics of gaseous exchange systems |
Large surface area very good blood supply permeability |
|
|
Vital capacity
|
the maximum volume of air you can breathe out |
|
|
Smoking |
>Tabacco smoke contains tar and carbon monoxide >tars eventually destroy the protective lining of our gaseous exchange system(cillia) >without this protection the alveoli in the lungs can become damaged resulting in emphysema >smokers develop bronchitis(bronchi and bronchioles become inflamed and obstructed with phlegm >tars also causes lung cancer as it contains carcinogens >the carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke reduces the oxygen carried in the blood bu haemoglobin |
|
|
Cell respiration |
process by which atp is made involves >breakdown of food to release the energy stored in their molecules >some of the energy is used to rebuild ATP from ADP and phosphate >rest of the energy is lost from cells as heat |
|
|
Aerobic respiration(oocurs in mitochondria) |
>The breakdown of food involving the use of oxygen >carbon dioxide and water are always produced as waste products and energy to rebuild atp is released >most commonly used substrate is glucose >releases a lot of energy Aerobic respiration of glucose glucose+oxygen------>carbon dioxide+water+energy |
|
|
Anaerobic respiration(oocurs in cytoplasm) |
>oxygen is not involved in the breakdwon of food >releases little energy >produces different waste products *In bacteria and animals lactate is produced glucose----->lactate +energy *in fungi and plants ethanol and Co2 are produced glucose----->ethanol+carbon dioxide+energy |
|
|
Oxygen debt |
>humans respire aerobically >during vigorous exercise oxygen cannot be delivered to active muscle cells quickly enough so some respire anaerobically >thus an oxygen deficit occurs >lactate is produced as a waste product and builds up in the muscle cells that are short of oxygen leading to muscle fatigue and soreness |
|
|
Uses of cell respiratipon |
yeast brewing breadmaking yogurt |
|
|
Mouth to mouth resuscitation
|
During rescue breathing, air is moved in and out of the lungs of the injured person substituting for their own breathing movements |
