Respiratory System

Front 1

What does the respiratory system include?

Back 1

pharynx,larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs

Front 2

what is the major function of the resp. system

Back 2

supply oxygen and remove CO2

Front 3

what are the 4 functions of the resp.system

Back 3

phonation
assist with body temperature
assist in the regulation of acid-base balance
sense of smell

Front 4

Describe phonation

Back 4

voice box production
-begins in the larynx where 2 fibrous connective tissue bands stretch across the lumen
-vibrate as air passes over them
-produces basic sound

Front 5

how does the respiratory system assist with body temperature?

Back 5

-when its cold, blood vessels in thenasal passageways warm air entering the body and help prevent hypothermia

Front 6

how does panting cool an animal down?

Back 6

rapid respirations cause increased evaporation of fluid from the respiratory pathway and mouth which cools the blood

Front 7

how does the respiratory system regulate the body's acid/base balance

Back 7

regulates hydrogen ions and water elimination

Front 8

what 2 levels of respiration occur in the body

Back 8

external and internal

Front 9

what is the external level of repiration

Back 9

the physical act of getting oxygen in a CO2 out the body

Front 10

what is internal respiration

Back 10

the exchange of oxygen and co2 at a cellular level

Front 11

what are the 6 aspects of the upper respiratory tract

Back 11

1.nose
2. nasal cavity
3. nasal sinuses
4. pharynx
5.larynx
6.trachea

Front 12

describe the nose

Back 12

external structure of the nose
-supported by nasal cartilage
-opened by muscles to allow air to enter readily
-surrounding skin the nostril is continuous with the muzzle
-lined with cilia

Front 13

what does dialated nostrils symbolize

Back 13

-a sign that the animal is having trouble getting oxygen for its metabolic needs

Front 14

what are the components of the nasal cavity

Back 14

separated from the mouth by hard and soft palates
a. nasal conchae
b. turbinates
c.naso-lacrimal ducts
d.nasal meatus

Front 15

what are the nasal chonchae/turbinates

Back 15

bony scrolls lined with mucus membranes
-help protect from noxious gasses and further traps particles in the air
-below the mucus membranes are numerous blood vessels which help to warm inpsired air
-

Front 16

what are the naso-lacrimal ducts

Back 16

enter the nasal cavity draining excess tears from the eyes

Front 17

what is the median nasal septum

Back 17

separates the nasal cavity into right and left halves

Front 18

what is the nasal meatus

Back 18

pathways between the conchae or turbinates
-runs dorsal to hard palate
-route for passing a stomach tube
-very vascularized

Front 19

what is the function of the nasal cavity

Back 19

warm, humidify and filter air before it reaches the lungs
-highly vascular
-

Front 20

what are the nasal sinuses

Back 20

maxillary, frontal, sphenoid and palatine sinuses
-bilaterally symmetrical, mucous membrane lined and air-lined
-prone to infection

Front 21

what is the pharynx

Back 21

-the common passageway that connects the oral cavity with the esophagus and the nasal cavity with the larynx
-common passageway for food and air
-

Front 22

what are the openings to the pharynx

Back 22

mouth
2 caudal nares
2 eustachian (auditory) tubes
esophagus
larynx

Front 23

what are the 3 major divisions of the pharynx

Back 23

1. nasopharynx-part of respiratory channel
2. oropharynx-part of digestive tract
3. larygopharynx-commmon to both the digestive and respiratory passageways

Front 24

what is the larynx

Back 24

"voice box"
mucosa lined, cartilaginous tube joining the pharynx to the trachea

Front 25

what are the functions of the larynx

Back 25

direct air to the trachea
-prevent aspiration of ingesta
-houses the vocal organs
-

Front 26

describe the structure of the larynnx

Back 26

made of segments of cartilage that are connected to each other and surrounding tissue by muscles
-supported by the hyoid bone
-

Front 27

what are the major cartilages of the larynx

Back 27

epiglottis
arytenoid cartilages
thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage

Front 28

what is the epiglottis

Back 28

leaf shaped and is located rostrally
-projects forward from the ventral portion of the larynx
-during swallowing, is pulled back to cover the opening of the larynx
-prevents swallowed food from entering the larynx

Front 29

what is the arytenoid cartilage

Back 29

-have vocal folds attached to them
-responsible for controlling pitch of the voice
-can function to close the glottis

Front 30

what is the glottis

Back 30

opening of the larynx

Front 31

what is the thyroid cartilage

Back 31

adams apple
attaches to muscles associated with swallowing and phonation

Front 32

what is the cricoid cartilage

Back 32

connects the thyroid cartilage to the trachea
-maintains teh shape of the larynx so air may pass through

Front 33

what is the laryngeal cavity

Back 33

contains the vocal folds which run from the arytnoid cartilages to the interior floor of the thryoid cartilage

Front 34

what are the 3 main functions of the larynx

Back 34

1. voice production
2. prevention of aspiration of foreign material
3. control of airflow to and from lungs

Front 35

describe voice phonation

Back 35

larynx relaxes and tightening the tension on the vocal cords and haveing air pass over them
-pitch can be changed:
low pitch (relaxed vocal cords, open glottis)
high pitch (tightened vocal cords, closed glottis)

Front 36

how does the larynx prevent aspiration of foreign material

Back 36

trapdoor effect of epiglottis
-muscle contractions pull entire larynx forward and fold the epiglottis back over its opening

Front 37

how does the larynx control the airflow to and from the lungs

Back 37

closing of epiglottis and adjusting of the size of the epiglottis

Front 38

what is the trachea

Back 38

short wide tube extending from the larynx down to the thorax
divides into the 2 main bronchi: left and right bronchi
-stimulates coughing

Front 39

what is tracheal bifurcation

Back 39

region of division of the 2 bronchi
-occurs at about the level of the heart

Front 40

describe the trachea

Back 40

composed of C-shaped hyaline cartilage (opening of the c is dorsal)
-lined with cilia to trap foreign bodies
-lined with mucus