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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hypoxic Drive
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CO2 is elevated often so the body loses sensitivity to changes in CO2 so O2 becomes what regulates breathing
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Diffusion
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-O2 moves from alveoli to vessels
-Moves through a semipermeable membrane -Depends on: thickness of membrane surface area of lungs Diffusion coefficient -O2 in air is 21% |
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Normal Breathing Regulation
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Dependent on CO2 levels
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Abnormal (adventitous) lung sounds
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Crackles (rales)
Wheezes Rhonchi Pleural Friction Stridor -Fluid deminishes sounds |
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Pulmonary Disorders
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-Atelectasis: inadequate aeration of aveoli (collapsed)
-Asthma -Emphysema: over extended alveoli w/ air stuck in the lung -Bronchitis: inflammation of the bronchi w/ increased mucous and narrowing of the bronchi -Pneumonia: inflammation of lung tissue -Pneumothorax: collapse of the lung |
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Nasal Cannula
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1-2 L/min = 24-30%
3-4 L/min = 31-35% 5-6 L/min = 36-44% |
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Simple Mask
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6-10 L/min = 35-65%
-Requires higher Liter flow to prevent rebreathing of CO2 -Covers pt's mouth |
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Partial Rebreather
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6-10 L/min = 40-60%
-Mask w/reservoir bag -Partial amount of exhaled air is mixed w/inspired air |
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Non-Rebreather
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6-10 L/min = 60-100%
-Valve closes during expiration so any exhaled air is not rebreathed -Bag is filled w/ O2 prior to use |
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Venturi Mask
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24-50%
-Delivers a fixed amount of O2 -Effective w/ pts w/ COPD as CO2 levels are held to a minimum |
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Sauna Mask (face tent)
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8-12 L/min = 28-100%
-Aersol mask is well tolerated by pts -Provides humdification -Provides O2 for post Op pts |
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BIPAD or CPAP
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-Improves O2 for pts who are able to spontaneously ventilate
-Resistance of expiration to keep air in the lung for a longer period of the time (keeps alveoli open longer) |
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Crackels (rales)
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-Sudden opening of closed airways indicates hypoventilation
-Like rubbing hair strands together -Will NOT be cleared with coughing |
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Ronchi
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-Low pitched rumbling coarse sounds heard on inhalation and exhalation
-May be cleared with coughing |
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Stridor
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epiglottis swollen (whistles)
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Instrument for checking eyes
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Opthalmascope
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Vesicular
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Location: Over peripheral lung (at base of lungs)
Sound: soft-intensity, low pitched, "gental sighing" Reason: air moving through smaller airways Characteristics: best heard on inspiration (longer than expiratory phase 5:2 ratio) |
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Bronchovesicular
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Location: Between scapulae and lateral to the sternum at the first and second IC spaces
Sound: Moderate-intensity and moderate pitched "blowing" Reason: air moving through larger airways (bronchi) Characteristics: Equal inspiration and expiration phases (1:1 ratio) |
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Bronchial (tubular)
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-Location: Anteriorly over the trachea; not normally heard over lung tissue
-Sound: High pitched, loud "harsh" sounds Reason: air moving through the trachea Charactersitics: Louder than vesicular sounds; has short inspiratory phase and long expiratory phase (1:2 ratio) |
