Respiratory System

Front 1

Opening of the nose

Back 1

Naras or nostrils

Front 2

first course hairs of the nostrils called???

Back 2

Vibrissae

Front 3

Bulges that increase surface area in nose called__________

Back 3

conchae

Front 4

Name the sinus's

Back 4

frontal,,maxillary,,sphenoid,,ethmoid

Front 5

Parts of the pharynx and what passes thru????

Back 5

Nasopharnyx-Just air
Oropharnyx-water+air
Larngopharnx-water+air

Front 6

Thyroid cartilage is made of what?

Back 6

Hyaline cartilage (Adams apple)consists of two fused plates of hyaline cartilage and form the anterior wall of the larnyx and give a triangular shape (usually larger in males)

Front 7

The short passegeway that connects the laryngopharynx with the trachea.And give vertebral location????

Back 7

larynx...C4-C6

Front 8

The wall of the pharnyx is composed of nine pieces of cartilage.What are they???

Back 8

thyroid,epiglottis,and cricoid (appear singly)three occur in pairs (arytenoid,cuneiform,and corniculate)

Front 9

Of the paired cartilages which are the most important?and Why

Back 9

arytenoid==they influence the positions and the tensions of the vocal folds.

Front 10

__________muscles of the larnyx connect the cartilages to other structures in the throat ,The __________muscles connect the cartilages to each other.

Back 10

Extrinsic,,,Intrinsic

Front 11

The ligament that connects the thyroid cartilage to the bone is Hyoid bone is called__________

Back 11

thryrohyoid membrane

Front 12

The__________is a large leaf shaped piece of elastic cartilage that is covered with epithelium.

Back 12

epiglottis

Front 13

The broad superior portion of the _______ is unattached and is free to move up and down like a trap door.

Back 13

epiglottis

Front 14

Elevation of the _______ widens to receive food or drink:Elevation of the larnyx causes the __________ to move down and form a lid over the ________,closing it off.

Back 14

pharnyx,epiglottis,glottis

Front 15

upper respiratory tract is above ________-and lower respiratory tract is below__________.

Back 15

vocal cords

Front 16

throat=________
voicebox=_______
trachea=_________
bronchi=________

Back 16

pharnyx
larynx
trachea
bronchi

Front 17

skin,nasal bones +cartilage lined with_______

Back 17

mucous membrane

Front 18

Nose: roof is made of _____and floor is made of _____.Internal nares(_______) are openings to ________.boney swelling or conchae on lateral walls.

Back 18

ethmoid,hard palate,choanae,pharnyx

Front 19

the _________is a muscular tube 5 inches long hanging from skulland is made of sleletal muscle +mucous membrane

Back 19

pharnyx

Front 20

the pharnyx extends from internal nares to _________._________(lymphatic tissue) in the walls protects entryway into body

Back 20

cricoid cartilege,tonsils

Front 21

3 regions of pharnyx are_________,_______,_________-

Back 21

nasopharnyx,oropharnyx,laryngopharnyx

Front 22

adenoids also called______-

Back 22

pharyngeal tonsil

Front 23

Nasopharynx (from choanae to soft palate)is made of __________ _______ ______ __________with goblet

Back 23

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Front 24

oropharnyx:runs from_____ to ________.the opening from mouth into oropharynx is called____________.________tonsils found in side walls ,_________tomsil found on tongue.lined with ________ ______epithelium.

Back 24

soft palate to epiglottis,fauces,palatine,lingual,stratified squamous

Front 25

laryngopharnyx extends from _________to______cartilage.lined with stratified squamous epi.

Back 25

epiglottis to cricoid

Front 26

Adams apple made of _________cartilage
leaf shaped elastic cartilage that covers glottis during swallowing is called_____________.

Back 26

thyroid ,,,epiglottis

Front 27

ring of cartilage cattached to top of trachea is called __________.pair of _________ cartilages sit on ___________many muscles responsible for their movement and partially buried in vocal folds (true__________)

Back 27

cricoid,arytenoid,vocal chords

Front 28

vocal chords :_________vocal chords or__________ found above vocal________ or true vocal chords

Back 28

false,ventricular folds,folds

Front 29

true vocal cords attach to ________cartilage

Back 29

arytenoid

Front 30

opening and closing of the vocalfolds occurs during _________ and __________.true vocal cords contain both ______muscle and an ________ligament.when air is pushed past tight ligament sound produced .tighter lig ________pitch

Back 30

breathing ,spheech,skeletal,elastic,higher

Front 31

whispering produced by forcing air through almost closed _________

Back 31

rima glottidis

Front 32

trachea:size is 5" and1"dia. Extends from larnyx to____________,anterior to the esophagus

Back 32

T5

Front 33

Layers of trachea:
__________=pseudostratified columner with cilia._________=loose connective tissue and seromucous glands,___________=16 to 20 incomplete rings open side facing esophagus contains trachealis(________)muscle.

Back 33

mucosa,submucosa,hyaline cartilage,smooth

Front 34

trachia :internal ridge on last ring called ______________binds it to other organs

Back 34

carina adventitia

Front 35

trachea is lined with____ ___ __ ____.

Back 35

ciliated pseudostratified columner epithelium

Front 36

_______bronchi supply each lung,______bronchi supply each lobe(3right +2 left),_________bronchi supply each bronchopulmonary segment

Back 36

primary,secondary,tertiary

Front 37

as pass deeper into lungs epithellium changes from____________to____________

Back 37

pseudostratified ciliated columnar, to nonciliated simple cuboidal

Front 38

__________and _________release epinephrine that relaxes smooth muscle and dilates airway.inhale mist to relax airway smooth muscle is called _________

Back 38

symphathetic,adrenal gland ,nebulization therapy

Front 39

top of lung called_________bottom called_______-the rib surface called______,oblique+ horizontal fissure in ____ lun makes 3 lobes.oblique in left 2 lobes

Back 39

apex,costal,right

Front 40

iflammation of pleural cavity called _____

Back 40

pleuresy or pleuritis

Front 41

excessesive fluid in pleural cavity called ______

Back 41

pleural effusion

Front 42

left lung contains a concavity for heart called

Back 42

cardiac noth

Front 43

there are______tertiary bronchi ineach lung

Back 43

10

Front 44

each bronchiopulmonary segment of the lungs has many small compartments called _________each of which is wrapped in ____________tissue and contains a ___________vessel,an arteriole ,venule,and a branch from a terminal bronchiole.

Back 44

lobules,elasic connective,lymphatic

Front 45

as th resperiatory bronchioles penetrate more deeply into lungs the epithelium changes from ________ to _________. Respiratory bronchials,subdivide into _______.25 orders of branching.

Back 45

s.cuboidals.squamous,alveolar ducts.

Front 46

alveolar ducts surrounded by _________.___________is 2 or more alveolu sharing a common opening

Back 46

alveolar sacs,alveolar sacs

Front 47

cell types of the alveoli are Type 1:s. squamous where _________occurs.Type 2:alveolar cells (septal cells) free surface has _______,secrete alveolar fluid containing _________.alveolar dust cells have ___________remove debris

Back 47

gas exchange ,microvilli,surfactant,wandering macrophages

Front 48

also present in the lungs are _______ that produce reticular and elastic fibers

Back 48

fibroblasts

Front 49

alveolar capillary membrane is ______thick ,4 layers are alveolar wall,alve. ________basement membrane,_______basement membrane, _________cells of cap.

Back 49

1/2 micron, epithelial wall type ! and 2 cells,epithelial,capillary,endothelial

Front 50

the lungs receive blood via 2 sets of arteries pulmonary and __________.return is by4 pulmonary veins thatr dump into the _________

Back 50

bronchial,left atrium

Front 51

vasoconstriction in respose to hypoxia diverts pulmonary blood to more ventilated areas of lungs and is called ___________

Back 51

ventilation-perfusion coupling

Front 52

during forced breathing _______<_______and _______muscles assist

Back 52

sternocliedomatoid, scalene, and pectoralis minor

Front 53

injuries to chest wall that cause air to enter interpleural space called _____

Back 53

pneumothorax

Front 54

the detergent like substance called_______that is produced by type 2 alveolarcells lowers alv. surface tension and is incoplete in premature babies

Back 54

surfactant

Front 55

some diseases that reduce copliance are____,_____ and_____

Back 55

tuberculosis,pulmonary endema,paralysis

Front 56

________=normal breathin
________=temporary cessation of breathing
_______=labored breathing
_______=rapid breathing
diaphramatic breathing and costal breathing

Back 56

eupnea,apnea,dyspnea,tachypnea

Front 57

at rest a normal human breaths _______per minute and tidal volume is 500ml

Back 57

12,500ml

Front 58

the deviced used to measure the vol. of air exchange is called a __________/.

Back 58

spirometer

Front 59

the ____________rate is the volume of air per minute that reaches the alveoli 350 ml for each breath at rest (normal)

Back 59

alveolar ventilation

Front 60

additional inhaled air s called ______

Back 60

inspiratory reserve volume

Front 61

the volume that can;t leave the lungs is called _______and it is about _______.

Back 61

residual volume,1200ml

Front 62

according to _________each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own pressure as if no other gases were present,

Back 62

daltons law

Front 63

__________law states that the quanity of a gas that will dislve in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas + its soluability coeffient.

Back 63

henry's law