Respiratory System

Front 1

moving air into and out of the lungs

Back 1

pulmonary ventilation

Front 2

exchange between systemic blood vessels and tissues

Back 2

internal respiration

Front 3

gas exchange between the lungs and the blood

Back 3

external respiration

Front 4

the airways from the nasal cavity through the terminal bronchioles

Back 4

conducting zone

Front 5

sacs and alveoli; where gas exchange occurs

Back 5

respiratory zone

Front 6

sites of gas exchange

Back 6

alveoli

Front 7

a detergent that reduces surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse

Back 7

surfactant

Front 8

disease characterized by difficulty breathing and lung infections due to build up oh thick sticky mucus in the lungs and GI tract

Back 8

Cystic fibrosis

Front 9

episodes of coughing, wheezing, and chest tightness due to allergic inflammation of the airways

Back 9

asthma

Front 10

an air-blood barrier made up of the fused basement membranes of the alveolar and capillary walls; gases diffuse across it

Back 10

respiratory membrane

Front 11

protect alveoli from microorganisms and debris

Back 11

alveolar macrophages

Front 12

covers the thoracic wall and superior face of the diaphragm

Back 12

parietal pleura

Front 13

covers the external lung surface

Back 13

visceral pleura

Front 14

these contract and lift the rib cage during inspiration

Back 14

intercostal muscles

Front 15

difference in intrapleural and intrapulmonary pressures

Back 15

transpleural pressure

Front 16

attraction of liquid molecules to one another; causes pleural cavity to always be at its smallest possible size

Back 16

surface tension

Front 17

the presence of air in the intrapleural space caused by rupture of the visceral pleura

Back 17

pneumothorax

Front 18

at constant temperature, the pressure of a gas varies inversely with its volume

Back 18

Boyle's law

Front 19

the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture

Back 19

Dalton's law

Front 20

increasing the volume of the alveoli decreases the pressure so that alveolar pressure is less than atmospheric pressure, and so air flows into the lungs

Back 20

inspiration

Front 21

decreasing the volume of the alveoli increases the pressure so that alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure, and so air flows out of the lungs

Back 21

expiration

Front 22

the ease with which lungs can be expanded; how stretchy our lungs are

Back 22

lung compliance

Front 23

disease where non-elastic scar tissue replaces damaged tissue and can decrease lung compliance and effectiveness of breathing

Back 23

tuberculosis

Front 24

located in the medulla; the pacesetting respiratory that excites the inspiratory muscles and sets the rhythm

Back 24

ventral respiratory group

Front 25

located in the medulla; integrates inputs from chemoreceptors and stretch receptors and communicates with the VRG

Back 25

dorsal respiratory group

Front 26

located in the pons; integrates inputs from higher brain centers to modify breathing rhythms

Back 26

pontine respiratory group

Front 27

Air reaching the bronchii is...

Back 27

warm, cleansed of impurities, and saturated with water vapor

Front 28

Why do alveolar walls contain a single layer of epithelial cells?

Back 28

To promote gas exchange by simple diffusion

Front 29

Alveolar walls contain ___________ for expansion and recoil

Back 29

Elastic fibers

Front 30

Alveolar pores connect adjacent alveoli to....

Back 30

allow for pressure equalization and damage control

Front 31

Elasticity of the chest tends to pull it....

Back 31

outward

Front 32

Elasticity of the lungs drives them....

Back 32

inward

Front 33

Intrapleural pressure is always ______ relative to intrapulmonary pressure

Back 33

negative

Front 34

The ______ in the pleural cavity allows for a strong adhesive force that overcomes the tendency of the alveoli to recoil

Back 34

surface tension

Front 35

This prevents alveolar collapse

Back 35

Surfactant

Front 36

Air flow is driven by _______

Back 36

pressure changes

Front 37

Pressure of gas varies _______ with its volume

Back 37

inversely

Front 38

During inspiration, the diaphragm....

Back 38

contracts (flattens out)

Front 39

During expiration, the diaphragm....

Back 39

passively relaxes

Front 40

The PO2 in the venous blood is _____ than the PO2 in the alveoli

Back 40

smaller

Front 41

Because the PO2 in the venous blood is smaller than the PO2 in the alveoli, oxygen will....

Back 41

quickly fuse into the venous blood until equilibrium is reached

Front 42

The RBCs flow through the capillaries faster/slower than the time it takes to oxygenate them?

Back 42

Faster (3X)

Front 43

The PCO2 in the arterial blood is ______ than the PCO2 in the alveoli

Back 43

slightly higher

Front 44

Because the PCO2 in the arterial blood is slightly higher than the PCO2 in the alveoli, oxygen will....

Back 44

be uptaken by the alveoli very slowly until equilibrium is reached

Front 45

Why are equal amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged even though there is a great differences in the pressure gradients?

Back 45

Carbon dioxide is 20 times more soluble in plasma and alveolar fluid than oxygen.

Front 46

What type of epithelial cells make up the alveolar wall?

Back 46

Simple squamous