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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Divided in 2 parts based on structure
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1. Upper Respiratory System
2. Lower Respiratory System |
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Upper Respiratory System
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nasal cavity
pharynx paranasal sinuses (cavities within the bones surrounding the nasal cavities) |
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Lower Respiratory System
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larynx
trachea branches of trachea -> different generations of bronchi lungs |
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Divided in 2 parts based on function
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1. Conductive Component
2. Respiratory Component |
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Conductive Component
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4 major functions:
convey, filter, thermoregulate, moisturized are (moisture helps exchange gases between air and blood) |
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Respiratory Component
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terminal branches of bronchi and lung tissue where gas exchange takes place
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Nose
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has 2 parts:
external nose nasal cavities |
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External Nose
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-made up by bones and cartilages
bones: nasal bone, maxillary bone cartilages: septal cartilage separates R&L halves), alar cartilages (form the ala of external nose) |
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Nasal Cavities
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-nostrils = opening
-nasal vestibules -respiratory part of nasal cavity -posterior nasal aperture/choanae between nasal cavity and pharynx -3 nasal conchae |
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Nasal Vestibules
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segments immediately above nostrils, lined with normal skin and hairs
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Respiratory part of nasal cavity
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large space behind vestibule (not involved in gas exchange)
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Walls of Nasal Cavities
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-roof formed by ethmoid bone (branches of CNI pass through openings of cribriform plate)
-floor formed by maxilla (anterior 2/3), palatine bone (posterior 1/3) -lateral walls covered with mucous membrane, maxilla (anterior), ethmoid (middle), palatine (posterior) -medial wall: nasal septum made up of ethmoid & vomer bones |
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3 Nasal conchae
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on lateral walls
= superior, middle, inferior -curved - separate part of nasal cavity from rest of nasal cavity -curves = meatus (supperior, middle, inferior) - increase SA of respiratory mucosa to increase significance of function of membranes -openings to paranasal sinuses |
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Paranasal Sinuses
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-cavities within the bone around nasal cavities
-frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary sinuses fxn: -make skull lighter -opens to nasal cavities and covered by mucosa (increase SA) -resonation of voice |
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Pharynx
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-cylindrical muscular tube
-starts at base of skull, ends at level of vertebra CVI, then continues as esophagus -3 main subdivisions: a) nasopharynx b) oropharynx c) laryngopharynx |
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Nasopharynx
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- contains pharyngeal tonsils
-opening of pharyngotympanic (auditory/eustachian) tbe that fxns to equilize pressure between middle ear and pharynx) |
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Oropharynx
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- contains palatine tonsils
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Laryngopharynx
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-behind larynx, continues to esophagus
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Larynx
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-cartilaginous tube
-layers of dense ct and ligaments (all cartilages held together by ct) -9 pairs of intrinsic skeletal muscle - mobilize the cartilages to change the tension of vocal cords 9 cartilages: 3 single, 3 pairs single: epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage paired: arytenoid cartilage, corniculate, cuneiform |
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Epiglottis
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-above the hyoid bone
-covered by a mucous membrane -single cartilage of larynx |
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Thyroid Cartilage
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-2 plates joined together anteriorly -> laryngeal eminence (Adam's apple)
-superior horns attach to hyoid via the thyrohyoid ligament -thyroid plates also join to hyoid bone by thyrohyoid membrane -inferior horns articulate with cricoid cartilage inferiorly -cricothyroid ligament - membrane stretched between thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage |
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Cricoid Cartilage
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-ring (posterior aspect is wider)
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Arytenoid Cartilage
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-2 LIGAMENTS ARE STRETCHED BETWEEN ARYTENID AND THYROID
-these 2 ligaments are covered by mucosal membrane -produce 2 folds: vestibular (false vocal cord) and vocal (true vocal cord) folds -vestibular folds do not vibrate - does not produce sound -vocal folds can vibrate - sound production -ventricle between vestibular and vocal folds; size matters (larger - better voice) -vestibule above folds -infraglottic region below folds -sound is produced when vocal cords are sitting close together -glottis = folds + fissure between the folds |
