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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the difference between a tension pneumothorax and a not-tension pneumothorax?
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Tension pneumothorax is a medical emergency - A one way seal i created meaning that with each breath air moves into the pleural space and compression the lung reducing capacity each time. NT-pneumothorax is a two way valve and so air move in and out with each breath not accumulating to total lung collapse
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What is lung compliance?
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The ability of the lung to stretch measured by volume change against unit pressure change
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What reduces lung compliance and how does the body increase compliance?
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Surface tension - Surfactant
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What is laplace's law?
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Pressure = 2xsurface tension/radium
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What is the universal gas equation?
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P(kPa)V(m3) = R(8.31)T(k)
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What is charle's law?
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Pressure is proportional to absolute temperature(k)
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What is Boyle's law?
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Pressure is inversely proportional to volume for a given amount of gas
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What is respiratory distress syndrome?
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Premature babies don't have enough or any surfactant and so there lungs aren't compliant and the alveoli are large and inefficient
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What is poiseulles law?
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Flow(Q) = piexr4xpressure gradient/8xlenght of tubexviscosity
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The small airways are parallel tubes and so low resistance on inspiration, however on expiration they collapse and pressure rises dramatically. What diseases lead to narrowing of the small airways and therefore problems exhaling?
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COPD, asthma, bronchiectasis(inflammation and mucus), CF(mucous),
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What would the vitalograph trace show in an obstuctive or restrictive pathology?
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Ob - Normal or slightly reduced FVC but an FEV1 <70%
Restrictive - Normal FEV1 (relative to restriction) but a lower FVC |
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What does FEV1 and FVC show relative to expiration and inspiration?
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FEV1 reduction shows obstruction and problems expiring
FVC reduction shows problems filling the lungs and so inspirational probelms |
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Flow volume curves give us more informaion. What happens to PEFR in obstuctive disease and why, will it be normal in restrictive disease?
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PEFR will be lower as the airways start narrower and resistance will raise faster. Restrictive the PEFR may be normal or abit lower but the flow volume curve will plataue
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How do we measure diffusion conductance?
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With CO as this binds with much higher affinity to Hb
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