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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Compared with the pressures in the systemic circulation, the pulmonary circulation is accurately characterized as which of these?
A. A high pressure system B. A low pressure system C. A variable pressure system, with higher pressures on inspiration and lower pressures on exhalation |
B
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Pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary hypertension are directly caused by
A. Wheezing B. Compensated respiratory acidosis C. Alkalosis D. Chronic hypoxemia E. Anemia |
D
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Actual blood pressure inside the lumen of a vessel
A. Driving pressure B. Intravascular pressure C. Transmural pressure |
B
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Difference between the pressure inside and outside a vessel
A. driving pressure B. intravascular pressure C. transmural pressure |
C
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Difference in pressure between one point upstream and another downstream in a vessel
A. driving pressure B. intravascular pressure C. transmural pressure |
A
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During positive pressure ventilation, alveolar pressure is often greater than both pulmonary systolic and pulmonary diastolic pressure is in zone
A. Zone 1 B. Zone 2 C. Zone 3 |
A
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During spontaneous ventilation pulmonary pressures in this zone are continuously greater than the alveolar pressures, and blood flow is continuous
A. Zone 1 B. Zone 2 C. Zone 3 |
C
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In this lung zone pulmonary blood flows well during systole, but during diastole the alveolar pressure can exceed pulmonary pressure, especially in the patient is on positive pressure ventilation
A. Zone 1 B. Zone 2 C. Zone 3 D. All the above |
D
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The pressure in the systemic circulation is about ____the pressure in the pulmonary circulation
A. 1/10th B. ½ C. Twice D. 8 to 10 times |
B
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The driving pressure across the pulmonary circulation is normally about
A. 5 mm Hg B. 10 mm Hg C. 50 mm Hg D. 100 mm Hg |
D
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When a person is sitting upright, the distribution of pulmonary blood flow is
A. Least at the apices B. Least at the bases C. Evenly distributed |
A
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When a person is lying on his right side
A. Left lung gets most of the pulmonary blood flow B. The right lung gets most of the pulmonary blood flow C. Both lungs are equally perfused |
B
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If a patient has severe LLL pneumonia and poor ventilation of the left lung, in what position will the PaO2 be lowest?
A. Lying flat on the right side B. Lying flat on the left side C. Sitting up D. Lying flat on the back |
B
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If alveolar pressure exceeds mean pulmonary arterial pressure, and capillary blood flow will cease, what is said to exist?
A. Diffusion B. Alveolar dead space C. Shunting D. Perfusion |
B
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In a healthy person, if the vascular resistance increases, the blood pressure will:
A. Increase B. Decrease C. Remain the same |
A
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A decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance results when:
A. The pulmonary vessels constrict B. The pulmonary vessels dilate C. Pressures in the right heart increases D. Pressures in the left hart increases |
B
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What measured value is used to indicate the left ventricular preload?
A. SVR- systemic vascular resistance B. PVR- pulmonary vascular resistance C. Systemic blood pressure D. CVP- central venous pressure E. PCWP- pulmonary capillary wedge pressure |
E
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The preload of the right ventricle is indicated by
A. The central venous pressure (CVP) or right atrial pressure B. The pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) C. The pulmonary artery pressure D. The pulmonary vascular resistance |
A
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Which of the following cause increased pulmonary vascular resistance
A. Positive pressure ventilation with high pressures and PEEP B. Hypoxemia and low alveolar PAO2 C. Acidemia (low pH) D. Multiple pulmonary emboli E. All of the above |
E
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the most direct indication of an increase in afterload is an increase in
A. PCWP (wedge pressure) B. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) C. Cardiac output D. Contractility E. Oxyhemoglobin saturation |
B
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A decrease in afterload leads to an increase in
A. Blood pressure B. Cardiac output C. PCWP (wedge pressure) D. SVR E. CVP (RA pressure) |
B
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The left arterial pressure and the filling pressure of the left ventricle is indicated by
A. PCWP (wedge pressure) B. SVR C. Blood pressure D. Plasma osmotic pressure |
A
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Which is the correct formula for cardiac output?
A. C.O. = BP X HR B. C.O. = BP/HR C. C.O. = HR X stroke volume D. C.O. = BP X stroke volume E. C.O. = BP/stroke volume |
C
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Which is the correct formula for blood pressure?
A. B.P. = HR X stroke volume B. B.P. = C.O. X SVR C. B.P. = C.O/SVR D. B.P. = SVR X PCWP E. B.P. = SVR/HR |
B
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What mechanism does the body use to maintain blood pressure when cardiac output falls due to disease?
A. Diuresis B. Bradycardia C. Vasodilation D. Vasoconstriction E. fever |
D
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The normal range for heart rate is 60-100. In a patient with symptomatic bradycardia, how can the heart rate be increased?
A. By increasing preload and lowering afterload B. By giving IV fluids C. By giving vasoconstrictors D. By means of medications and/or a pacemaker E. By defibrillation |
D
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How is preload usually treated?
A. By giving IV fluids B. By vasodilator drugs C. By giving positing inotropic agents D. By inserting a pacekmaker E. By giving diuretics |
A
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How is excessive afterload usually treated?
A. By giving IV fluids B. By vasodilator drugs C. By giving positive inotropic agents D. By inserting a pacemaker E. By giving vasoconstrictor drugs |
B
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Space occupying lesion
A. Obstructive B. Restrictive |
B
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reduced expiratory flow rates
A. Obstructive B. Restrictive |
A
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proportional reduction in TLC, FRC, VC, and RV
A. Obstructive B. Restrictive |
B
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Increased RV/TLC and increased RV
A. Obstructive B. Restrictive |
A
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FEV1/FVC of less than 75%
A. Obstructive B. Restrictive |
A
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Pulmonary artery (systolic/diastolic)
A. 120/80 B. 15 mm Hg C. 25/10 mm Hg D. 4-12 E. 0-8 mm Hg |
C
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Pulmonary artery mean
A. 120/80 B. 15 mm Hg C. 25/10 mm Hg D. 4-12 E. 0-8 mm Hg |
B
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Left atrium (PCWP)
A. 120/80 B. 15 mm Hg C. 25/10 mm Hg D. 4-12 E. 0-8 mm Hg |
D
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Right atrium (CVP)
A. 120/80 B. 15 mm Hg C. 25/10 mm Hg D. 4-12 E. 0-8 mm Hg |
E
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The predominant plasma protein is
A. Albumin B. Globulin C. Fibrinogen D. Creatinine E. Urea |
A
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Which one of these will not cause an increased pulm. Vascular resistance (PVR)
A. Hypoxemia B. Epinephrine or norepinephrine C. Acidosis D. Multiple pulmonary emboli E. Hyperventilation causing acute respiratory alkalosis |
E
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As blood is pumped out of the left ventricle and through the aorta, various arteries branch off to feed different parts of the body. Use A, B, C, D, to identify the order in which the following arteries branch off from the aorta, with “A” as the first.
Left common carotid artery Right brachiocephalic trunk right and left coronary arteries Left subclavian artery |
C
B A D |
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Pulm. Capillary recruitment will decrease PVR
A. True B. False |
A
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Oxygen therapy that corrects serious hypoxeia will lower PVR
A. True B. False |
A
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Pulm. Capillary distention is a mechanism the body uses to lower PVR
A. True B. False |
A
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Hypoventilation with respiratory acidosis will increase PVR
A. True B. False |
B
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Which of the following albumin levels would be normal?
A. 4.5 g/100 ml B. 15 g/100 ml C. 105 g/100ml D. 24 g/100ml |
B
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Interpret this PFT on a 37 year old female who frequently becomes short of breath
Predicted Observed FVC 3.10 liters 1.45 liters 53% of predicted FEV1 2.42 liters 1.30 liters 54% of predicted FEV1/FVC 90% TLC 4.68 liters 2.43 liters 52% of predicted FRC 2.62 liters 1.34 liters 51% of predicted RV 1.58 liters 0.76 liters 50% of predicted These results indicate what type of impairment? A. Restrictive B. Obstructive C. Both restrictive and obstructive and the degree of impairment is A. Mild B. Moderate C. Severe |
A
B |
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Interpret these PFT results on a 24 year old ale who complains of shortness of breath
FVC 2.7 liters 48% of predicted FEV1 1.3 liters 30% of predicted FEV1/FVC 48% TLC is 115% of predicted FRC is 150% of predicted RV is 175% of predict These results indicate what type of impairment? A. Restrictive B. Obstructive C. Both restrictive and obstructive and the degree of impairment is A. mild B. moderate C. severs |
B
C |
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Interpret this PFT on a 65 year old female with lung cancer
FVC 1.58 liters 55% of predicted FEV1 1.30 liters 63% of predicted FEV1/FVC 82% TLC is 64% of predicted FRC is 58% of predicted RV is 52% of predicted These results indicate what type of impairment? A. Restrictive B. Obstructive C. Both restrictive and obstructive and the degree of impairment is A. mild B. moderate C. severe |
A
B |
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The following PFT results were fro a 46 year old female smoker with dyspnea
Predicted Measured % of predicted FVC 3.32 2.48 75% FEV1 3.52 1.43 57% FEV1/FVC >75% 58% PEFR (l/sec) 5.80 2.94 51% VC 3.32 2.50 75% TLC 4.80 4.75 99% RV 1.64 2.16 132% FRC 2.29 2.97 130% The PFT results above indicate what kind of lung impairment? A. Obstructive B. Restrictive C. Obstructive and restrictive D. Normal The degree of impairment is A. Mild B. Moderate C. Severe D. Normal lungs In the patient above, why is the VC reduced to 75% of predicted A. VC is reduced because the patient has restrictive disease, and all lung volumes and capacities are reduced proportionally B. VC is reduced because the FEV1/FVC ratio is only 58% C. VC is reduced because the patient is a 46 year old female, and female lung volumes are smaller than male lung volumes D. VC is reduced because RV is elevated |
A
B D |
