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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Internal respiration
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Process by which mitochondria metabolize various foodstuffs. O2 is the oxidizing agent, results in production of high energy bonds CO2 and H2O.
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External respiration
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The exchange of gases between environment and mitochondria.
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How many alveoli in the human lungs?
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300 million
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What is the diameter of each alveolus?
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75 to 300 micrometers
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Arterialization of blood
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The addition of O2 and removal of CO2.
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Surface area of the lungs
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70 square meters
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What two circulations bypass gas exchange process of lungs?
What percentage is this of total blood? |
Coronary and bronchial circulations
2% Called a "venous admixture." |
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FRC
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Functional Residual Capacity
When lung volume is defined by elastic recoil. Neither inhaling or exhaling. Normally, in quiet breathing, inspiratory muscles pull respiratory system above FCR. |
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PaO2
Physiological Value |
Partial Pressure of O2 in arterial blood
around 92 mmHg |
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PaCO2
Physiological Value |
Partial Pressure of CO2 in arterial blood
around 40 mmHg |
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PvO2
Physiological Value |
Partial Pressure of O2 in Venous blood
around 40 mmHg |
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PvCO2
Physiological Value |
Partial pressure of CO2 in Venous blood
around 47 mmHg |
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TLC
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Total Lung Capacity
The maximum amount of inspired gas the lung can contain in vivo. |
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VC
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Vital capacity
When the subject starts at TLC and expires as much gas as possible. |
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RV
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Gas still in the lung after the subject has expelled all VC gas. Cannot be expired.
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IC
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Inspiratory Capacity
Amount of air that can be inhaled from FRC |
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Vt
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Tidal volume. Quiet breath. Above FRC.
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IRV
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Inspiratory reserve volume
After inhaling a breath during tidal breathing. Accessed during a yawn? |
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ERV
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Expiratory reserve volume
After breathing down during tidal breath - that volume. |
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Ptm
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Transmural pressure. The pressure difference between the wall of an organ.
Ptm = Pin - Pout Ex: PL = PA - Ppl |
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C
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Compliance
Measured far more often in respiratory physiology than elasticity. Equal to stress/strain In a graph of Volume x Ptm: slope of line C = V/Ptm |
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Pneumothorax
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When air enters the space around the lungs, causing the lungs to collapse.
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What is atmospheric pressure in cmH2O?
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1033 cmH2O
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Name of pulmonary surfactant
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dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine
(DPPC) |
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What type of cell secretes pulmonary surfactant
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Alveolar Type II
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RDS of newborn
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Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the Newborn
When infants are born with immature alveolar lining layer. Characterized by High tensions which do not change greatly with change in alveolar surface area. |
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BTPS
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Body temperature, pressure, saturated
The conditions under which Vt (tidal volume) is measured |
