Respiratory Physiology

Front 1

C

Back 1

conc. of gas in blood

Front 2

F

Back 2

Fracional conc. in dry gas

Front 3

P

Back 3

Partial pressure

Front 4

Q

Back 4

volume of blood

Front 5

Q dot

Back 5

volume of blood per unit time

Front 6

R

Back 6

Respiratory exchange ratio

Front 7

S

Back 7

Saturation of Hemoglobin

Front 8

V

Back 8

volume of gas

Front 9

V dot

Back 9

Volume of gas per unit time

Front 10

A

Back 10

Alveolar

Front 11

B

Back 11

Barometric

Front 12

D

Back 12

Dead Space

Front 13

E

Back 13

Expired

Front 14

I

Back 14

inspired

Front 15

L

Back 15

lung

Front 16

T

Back 16

Tidal

Front 17

a

Back 17

arterial

Front 18

c

Back 18

capillary

Front 19

c'

Back 19

end-capillary

Front 20

i

Back 20

ideal

Front 21

v

Back 21

venous

Front 22

v with a - on it

Back 22

mixed venous

Front 23

Normal tidal volume

Back 23

500 ml

Front 24

normal total ventalation

Back 24

7,500 ml/min

Front 25

normal aveolar gas

Back 25

3,000 ml

Front 26

normal pulmonary capillary blood

Back 26

70ml

Front 27

normal pulamanary blood flow

Back 27

5,000 ml/min

Front 28

normal alveolar ventilation

Back 28

5,250 ml/min

Front 29

normal frequency of respirations

Back 29

15 per minute

Front 30

Normal amount of anatomical dead space in respiratory system

Back 30

150 ml

Front 31

fill in the normal values

Back 31

values above

Front 32

two conditions under which volumes are measured

Back 32

Static- no flow
Dynamic- flow

Front 33

Name the four standard lung volumes

Back 33

1. Tidal volume (VT)
2. Inspriatory reserve volume(IRV)
3. Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
4. Residual volume (RV)

Front 34

Residual volume

Back 34

volume of air left in lungs after full expiration,, in males normal is approx. 1.5L

Front 35

Tidal volume

Back 35

volume of air taken in and exhaled, normal approx. 500ml per breath

Front 36

Inspiratory reserve volume

Back 36

volume air that can be inspired after a normal breath has already been taken

Front 37

expiratory reserve volume

Back 37

volume of air that can be exhaled after normal expiration

Front 38

Inspiratory capacity

Back 38

IC=VT+IRV
Max air able to inhale during normal resting expiration
males approx.3.5L

Front 39

Functional residual capacity

Back 39

FRC= RV+ERV
vol of air left in lungs after normal expiration

Front 40

Vital capacity

Back 40

VC= ERV+VT+IRV
volume of air that can be expired from the lungs after maximal inspiration

Front 41

Total lung capacity

Back 41

TLC= RV+ERV+VT+IRV
volume of air in the lungsat the end of maximal inspiration

Front 42

what values are being measured in these areas?

Back 42

above

Front 43

Name two ways that the residual volume can be measured?`

Back 43

1. Gas dilution
eg. helium- has to mix to read accuratly
2. Plethysomgraphy-
thick of a phone booth-
accounts all gases by measurment of pressure.

Front 44

Graham's law

Back 44

the rate that any two gases diffuse is inversly proportional the square root of their molecular weight.

Front 45

Ideal gas law

Back 45

PV=nRT
where
p=pressure
v=volume
n=number of moles of gas
T=temp in Kelvin
R=ideal gas constant

Front 46

BTPS

Back 46

body temperature, pressure, and saturated...Actual lung volumes are always expressed at BTPS

Front 47

STPD

Back 47

standard temp, pressure, dry..... used when measuring gas exchange in metabolism,,, such as O2 consumption to CO2 elimination.

Front 48

ATPS

Back 48

Ambient temperature, pressure, saturated....

Front 49

What is Graham's equation

Back 49

notice the inversion of the values

Front 50

Henry's law

Back 50

this law describes how much gas is dissolved in a liquid, relative to the pressure of the gas around the liquid.
C = P x S
C= content of gas in liquid phase
P= Partial pressure of gas in air phase
S= solubility of gas in liquid phase

Front 51

Vapor pressure

Back 51

Will exert a pressure in a gas mixture that is proportional to the temperature. Normal is 47 mmHg. Water vapor is important b/c it influences the partial pressure of oxygen as air moves into the lungs from the environment.

Front 52

Dalton's law of Partial Pressure

Back 52

The total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of all the partial pressures.
The pressure exerted by an individual gas is directly proportional to its fractional concentration in the mixture. DRY CONDITIONS

Front 53

What is the diffusion constant?

Back 53

It is used to determine the diffusion of a gas across the aveolar wall.

Front 54

Explain the two resistences O2 has trying to enter an RBC.

Back 54

1. the resistence of diffusion across the aveolar and plasma membrane
2. the resistence of the O2 to bind with the hemoglobin.

Front 55

Notice it says partial pressure... this demonstrates that the nitrogen is perfussion limited b/c the partial pressure of nitrogen in the air of the aveoli is high, and its diffusion across the aveolar membrane is fast and unimpeded. In contrast, the partial pressure of CO in the lungs is low, and its perfusion into the blood is slower and lower.

Back 55

What is this diagram explaining?

Front 56

What is this figure showing?

Back 56

Notice the increased time nessesary to obtain saturation (partial pressure saturation)in the capillary

Front 57

What is diffusion capacity?

Back 57

Diffusion capacity is a measument of the ability of respiratory memebranes to permit transport of gases. Think - thickness and permiability

Front 58

Name the 5 muscles that work during inspiration?

Back 58

1.diaphram
2. SCM
3. Scalines
4. External intercostals
5. Anterior Serrati

Front 59

What muscles are used for expiration?

Back 59

1. Abdominal rectus
2. Internal intercostals
under resting potential however, no muscle energy is used, it is the built up potential energy that allows for the release (from inspiration)

Front 60

What is hysteresis?

Back 60

Hysteresis is the cause for the insp/exp curves to be different above. Think of how a new balloon and compare it to that of a balloon after it has been inflate numerous times. Hysteresis is simply the non-equal pressure release caused by viscosity steal by the friction of aveolar inflation on one another. Slows down the release of air. Term Aveolar recruitment