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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1st generation H1 blockers - List them and their clinical use
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1st generation
Diphenhydramine (hydr-amine) Dimenhydrinate (hydr) Chlopheniramine (amine) Clinical use: Allergy(duh), sleep aid (duh), MOTION SICKNESS |
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H1 blockers - 1st generation - Toxicity
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Sedation (it's a sleep aid)
Antimuscarinic Anti Alpha Adrenergic |
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H1 Blockers - 2nd Generation - List them and their clinical use
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"adines" with 1 exception
Loratadine Fexofenadine Desloratadine Cetirizine (the excception) 2nd generation H1 blockers are ONLY for allergies. Created because people didn't want the sedation effects of H1 blockers (2nd generation = decreased entry into the CNS) |
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N-acetylcysteine- mechanism + list the uses
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Mucolytic expectorant
-CF patients -Acetaminophen overdose |
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Guaifenesin - mechanism
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Typical expectorant - removes excess sputum. Importantly, does not suppress the cough reflex.
"Gua" - Cough the "Gua"camole out |
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Bosentan - clinical use + application
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Used to treat pulmonary hypertension. COMPETITIVELY antagonizes the endothelin-1 receptor, thus decreasing vascular resistance.
"boshintang" is good for your pulmonary vasculature |
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Dextromethorphan - mechanism
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ANTItussive (Antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors). Synthetic codeine analog (mild opiod effect, abusable)
-Anticough unlike guaifenesin |
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Dextromethorphan OD
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Naloxone
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Pseudoephedrine Mechanism and Clinical Use
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Mechanism - Sympathomimetic Alpha agonistic nonprescription nasal decongestant. Works by alpha vasoconstriction=> decongestant.
Clinical Use: Reduces Hyperemia, edema, and nasal congestion.Opens Eustachain tubes. -all related to clearing up the nose "Sexy" Uses : Pseudoephedrine also used as a stimulant. |
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Pseudoephedrine is same as?
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Phenylephrine. However, only pseudoephedrine is also used as a stimulant
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Pseudoephedrine toxicity?
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Hypertension. (vasoconstriction)
Pseudoephedrine (NOT phenylephrine) can also cause CNS stimulation and lead to anxiety. |
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Cromolyn - what is it used for and what is its effect?
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Asthma. SPECIFIC use is for PROPHYLAXIS against an asthma attack. Prevents release of mediators from mast cells - if they're already released (i.e. acute asthma attack) then Cromolyn will not have an effect.
Toxicity is rare. |
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There are two types of Corticosteroids for asthma. What is there mechanism? What are they 1st line for?
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CS = 1st line treatment for CHRONIC asthma.
"sones" Beclomethasone, preddnisone. Antiinflammatory - inhibits synthesis of virtually ALL cytokines -Specifically inhibits NFKB that leads to inhibition of transcription of TNF-Alpha, among other inflamm agents. |
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Three antileukotriene therapies for asthma.
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Zileuton and the leukasts (ZafirLukast, Montelukast)
all have "leu/lu" in the name - blocks LEUKOtriene. |
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Patient presents with Asthma. Said he took aspirin earlier. Tx?
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Zafirlukast, montelukast. Treatment is especially good for aspirin-induced asthma.
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Isoproterenol for asthma - mechanism + adverse effects
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Mechanism = NONselective beta agonist.
Beta 2 -bronchodilation adverse effect = Tachycardia (beta 1 mediated) |
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Albuterol vs Salmeterol - similarities and differences.
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Both are beta 2 specific agonists.
Albuterol - relaxes bronchial smooth muscle - used during acute exacerbation Salmeterol - LONG-acting and used for prophylaxis. think "eating salmon"- it helps keep you healthy but its not used for acute disease (i.e. asthma) |
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Theophylline - action + toxicity
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A methylxanthine.
Bronchodilation via PDE inhibition. Decreased cAMPHydrolysis by PDE. => bronchodilation. Unlike other options, not used as much because the therapeutic index is narrow(cardio+neuro toxicity). Metabolized by p450. Blocks action of adenosine |
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Which asthma drug is metabolized by p450?
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Theophylline.
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Ipratropium - mechanism + toxicity
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Muscarinic antagonist. Competitive antagonist, prevents bronchoconstriction.
Also used for COPD. |
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Asthma drug that blocks adenosine
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Theophylline
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Zileuton Mechanism
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5 lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor. Blcoks conversion of AA to leukotrienes.
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