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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the main functions of the respiratory system?
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gas exchange
metabolism - angiotensin Synthesis - surfactant Filtration Reservoir of blood |
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With inspiration and expiration, which is active and which is passive. What species do we see active inspiration and expiration?
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inspiration = active
expiration = inactive birds have both active inspiration and expiration |
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What gas has a direct relationship with inspiration?
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CO2
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What are the peripheral controllers of respiration?
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Carotid and aortic bodies that are sensitive to PO2
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What does the upper airway consist of?
Conducting zone? The transitional and respiratory zone? |
nose to pharynx
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, alveolar sac, alveoli |
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What is the bronchiole circulation?
Pulmonary circulation? |
from left side of the heart - metabolic needs
from right side of the heart - gas exchange |
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What nerve innervates the diaphragm?
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Phrenic
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What happens in gas exchange?
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-Simple diffusion (CO2 diffuses more easily than O2)
-Partial pressure gradient -Fick's law of diffusion |
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With the Hb dissociation curve what happens during a "left shift"? With H+, PCO2 & temp?
When does this happen? |
Hb has more affinity for O2
H+, PCO2 & temp decrease During inspiration |
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With the Hb dissociation curve what happens during a "right shift"? With H+, PCO2 & temp?
When does this happen? |
Hb has less affinity for O2
H+, PCO2, and temp increase When air reaches the tissue, cause you want it to leave the Hb |
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In what form is largest percentage of CO2 carried in the blood?
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Bicarbonate
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What is the definition of alveolar dead space?
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An alveoli which is ventilated but NOT perfused
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What is the definition of a shunt? What is an example?
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An alveoli which is well perfused but NOT ventilated
ex. collapsed lung |
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What are the five causes of hypoxaemia?
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1 Low inspired O2
2 Hypoventilation 3 Ventilation perfusion mismatch 4 Shunt 5 Diffusion impairment |
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Is an extrathroacic airway disease louder during inspiration or expiration? Intrathoracic?
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Inspiration
Expiration |
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What are the three types of lung pathologies? (ROV)
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1) Obstructive (airway)
2) Restrictive (lungs can't expand) 3) Vascular disease |
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What are three examples of obstructive diseases?
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-Asthma
-COPD (emphysema, chronic bronchitis) -Localized airway obstruction |
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What is the pathogenesis of asthma? Is there bronchoconstriction with bronchitis?
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Airway edema -> hypersecretion of mucus -> inflammation -> bronchoconstriction
No |
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What are some examples of restrictive diseases?
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Pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pleural thickening
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What are examples of vascular diseases?
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Pulmonary edema, embolism and hypertension
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Central control of breathing occurs in what part of the brain? What is the brain sensitive to? What is this influenced by?
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Medulla
Hydrogen ions PCO2 |
