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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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dorsal respiratory group
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dorsal portion of medulla oblongata
mainly inspiration |
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dorsal resp. group receives info. from?
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1) chemoreceptors
2) baroreceptors 3) other receptors in the lungs |
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ventral respiratory group
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ventrolateral portion of medulla
inspiration or expiration involved in increased levels of ventilation |
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pneumotaxic center
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dorsally located in the pons
rate and pattern of breathing limits the duration of inspiration increase the RR |
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strong signal from pneumotaxic center
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reduces the time of inspiration
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weak signal from pneumotaxic center
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increase the time of inspiration
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which resp. group is most important in controlling resp.
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dorsal resp. group
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ultimate goal of resp.
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to maintain proper [H], [O2], and [CO2] in the tissue
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what stimulate the resp. center directly
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increased [H] and [CO2], not [O2]
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[O2]
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no direct effect on the resp. center
acts through the peripheral chemoreceptors |
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where chemoreceptors located?
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carotid and aortic bodies
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net diffusion of a gas in one direction
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is a direct effect of its [ ] gradient
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total pressure of a gas
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is directly proportional to the [ ] of the gas molecules
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partial pressure
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the pressure of a specific gas
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pressure of a gas in solution is determined by?
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[gas] and the solubility coefficient
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Henry's Law
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pressure=[dissolved gas]/solubility coefficient
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the solubility coefficient at body temp.
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O2=0.024
CO2=0.57 |
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net diffusion
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is determined by the difference bet. the 2 partial pressure
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PP of a gas in the alveoli (O2) > blood
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go to the blood
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PP of a gas in the blood(CO2) > alveoli
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will escape to the alveoli
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respiratory volumes
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1) TV
2) IRV 3) ERV 4) RV |
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TV
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tidal volume
500 ml amt. of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions |
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IRV
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inspiratory reserve volume
3100 ml amt. of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal TV inhalation |
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ERV
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expiratory reserve volume
1200 ml amt. of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal TV exhalation |
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RV
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residual volume
1200 ml amt. of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation |
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respiratory capacities
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1) TLC
2) VC 3) IC 4) FRC |
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TLC
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total lung capacity
6000 ml max. amt. of air contained in lungs after a max. inspiratory effort |
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TLC =
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TV+IRV+ERV+RV
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VC
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vital capacity
4800 ml max. amt. of air that can be expired after a max. inspiratory effort |
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VC =
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TV + IRV + ERV
should be 80 % TLC |
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IC
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inspiratory capacity
3600 ml max. amt. of air that can be inspired after a normal expiration |
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IC =
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TV + IRV
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FRC
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functional residual capacity
2400 ml volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal TV expiration |
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FRC =
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ERV + RV
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PO2
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air = 149 mm Hg
alveoli = 104 mm Hg venous = 40 mm Hg |
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PO2
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alveoli > blood > tissue
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PCO2
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air = 0 mm Hg
alveoli = 40 mm Hg venous = 45 mm Hg |
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PCO2
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tissue > blood > alveoli
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Va/Q = 0
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Va is 0 and there's still perfusion
no gas exchange no ventilation |
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Va/Q = 0
PCO2 and PO2 ? |
same as venous blood
PCO2 = 45 mm Hg PO2 = 40 mm Hg |
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Va/Q = infin.
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Va is perfect but no perfusion
no gas exchange |
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Va/Q = infin.
PCO2 and PO2 ? |
same as inspired air
PCO2 = 0 mm Hg PO2 = 149 mm Hg |
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normal Va/Q
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PO2 = 104 mm Hg
Pco2 = 40 mm Hg |
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physiological shunt
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the amt. of non-oxigenated blood/min.
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physiologic dead space
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the sum of 2 types of wasted ventilation
1) if Va/Q = higer than normal 2) vent. of the anatomical dead space areas |
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O2-Hgb dissociation curve
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show a progressive increase in the % of Hgb bound to O2 as the PO2 increase
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shifts to right
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decreased affinity
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cause for shifts to right
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acute acidosis (< Ph)
increased PCO2 increased temp. increased levels of 2,3-DPG abnormal Hgb exercise |
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shifts to left
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increased affinity
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causes for shifts to left
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acute alkalosis (> Ph)
decreased PCO2 decreased temp. decreased levels of 2,3-DPG carboxyhemoglobin methemoglobin abnormal Hgb |
