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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are fat emobli assoc w/?
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long bone fractures, liposuction
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presentation of pulmonary embolus
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chest pain, tachypnea, dyspnea
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what imaging is best for pulmonary embolus
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CT angio
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Virchows triad
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hypercoag, endothelial damage, stasis
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Homan's sign
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dorsiflexion of foot --> tender calf; sign of DVT
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PFTs of obstructive lung disease
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FEV1/FVC decreased, increased RV
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pathology of obstructive lung diseases
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obstruction of airflow resulting in air trapping; aiways close prematurely at high lung volumes
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chronic bronchitis patho
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hypertrophy of mucous secreting glands in bronchioles
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reid index
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gland depth / total thickness of bronchiole wall; in COPD > 50%
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emphysema patho
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destruction of alveolar walls --> enlarged air spaces + decreased recoil; increased compliance
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centriacinar emphysema
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smoking; upper lobes
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panacinar emphysema
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antitrypsin deficiency; lower lobes
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paraseptal emphysema
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bullae; spontaneous pneumothroax
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curschmann's spirals
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shed epithelium from mucous plugs
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bronchiectasis patho
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chronic necrotizing infection of bronchi --> permanently ilated airways, purulent sputum, recurrent infections
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Kartagener's syndrome
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bronchiectasis, situs inversus, infertility
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PFTs of restrictive lung disease
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decreased lung volumes
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sarcoidosis lung findings
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bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, non caseating granuloma
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Calplan's syndrome
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pneumoconiosis (coal) + RA
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coal miner's pneumoconiosis affects what lobes
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upper
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silicosis patho
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macrophages respond to silica + release fibrogenic factors
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lung changes in silicosis
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eggshell calcification of hilar lymph nodes
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what lobes does silicosis affect
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lower
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what does asbestosis look like microscopicaly
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gold brown fusiform rods resembling dumbbells, inside macrophages; prussian blue
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lung changes in abestosis
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ivory white calcified pleural plaques
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asbestosis assoc w/ increased risk of
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bronchogenic carcinoma + mesothelioma
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asbestosis affects what lobes
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lower
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what week gestation is surfactant most abundantly made
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after 35th week
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what does neonatal RDS put the infant at risk for?
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persistently low O2 tension --> risk of PDA
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risk factors for neonatal RDS
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prematurity, maternal diabetes, cesarean delivery
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patho of ARDS
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diffuse alveolar damage --> capillary leaks protein --> intra-alveolar hyaline membrane
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damage of ARDS d/t
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neutrophilic substances toxic, activate coag cascade, free radicals
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sleep apnea
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person stops breathing for at least 10 seconds repeatedly during sleep
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tracheal deviation toward side of lesion
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bronchial obstruction
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tracheal deviation away from side of lesion
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tension pneumo
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absent breath sounds over affected area
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bronchial obstruction
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bronchial breath sounds over lesion
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pnemonia
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hyper-resonance
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tension pneumo
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mets TO lung
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breast, colon, prostate, bladder
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mets FROM lung
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brain, bone, liver, adrenals
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keratin pearls + intracellular bridging
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squamous cell
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central location tumors
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squamous cell, small cell
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peripheral location tumors
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adenocarcinoma, large cell
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linked to smoking
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sqamous cell, small cell
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PTHrP
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sqamous cell
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most common in non smokers + females
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adenocarcinoma
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ectopic ACTH, ADH
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small cell
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Lambert Eaton syndrome
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small cell
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Kulchitksy cells
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small cell
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clara cells, type 2 pneumocytes
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adenocarcinoma
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pancoast's tumor
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carcinoma @ apex of lung that affects cervical sympathetic plexus --> horner's
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which cancer presents like pneumonia
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bronchioalveolar adenocarcinoma
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which lung cancer has psammoma bodies
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mesothelioma
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lobar pneumonia organisms
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pneumococcus, Klebsiella
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pneumonia: intra-alveolar exudate --> consolitation
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lobar
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bronchopenumonia organisms
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S. aureus, H. flu, Klebsiella, S. pyogenes
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pneumonia: patchy distribution
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bronchopneumonia
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Atypical pneumonia organisms
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viruses, mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia
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pneumonia: diffuse patchy inflammation localized to interstitial areas @ alveolar walls
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atypical
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lung abscess common organisms
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S. aureus, anaerobes
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Transudate
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low protein; d/t CHF, nephrotic syn, hepatic cirrhosis
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Exudate
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high protein; cloudy; d/t malignancy, pneumonia, collagen vasc disease
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Lymphatic pleural effusion
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milky, TGs
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what metaplasia in smokers
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ciliated columnar --> squamous
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most common cause of pneumonia in children > 1yr
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RSV
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most common cause of pneumonia in neonate
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grp B strep, E. coli
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endogenous flora pneumonia
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S. pneumoniae
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COPD exacerbation organism
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H. flu
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pneumonia after bat exposure
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Histo
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pneumonia after visiting S. Carolina, New Mexico, West TX
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coccidiodes
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