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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Respiratory system
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-provides oxygen for tissue perfusion and metabolism.
-removes CO2 (waste product of metablolism) -facilitates smell, produces speech, maintains acid-base balance, maintains fluid and heat balance |
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Risk Factors for Respiratory Disease
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-Allergies
-Chest Injury -Crowded living conditions -Exposure to chemicals and environmental pollutants -Family Hx of respiratory disease -Frequent respiratory illness -Geographic residence and travel to foreign countries -Smoking -Surgery |
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Why do women have increased risk for rapid lung decline in lung function as an older adult?
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Because they have larger airways
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Why is nutritional status at risk in a respiratory patient?
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malnutrition can occur if breathing problems interfere with eating.
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Main sign of lung disease:
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Cough.
-how long it has occurred -time of day -relation to physical activity -productive or non-procuctive cough -congested -dry -hacky -tickling |
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What do you check with a sputum specimen?
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duration, color, consistency, odor.
An absess can produce an odor of the sputum. |
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What kind of patient will you most likely see hemoptysis?
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lung cancer patients or chronic bronchitis patients
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hemoptysis
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blood in sputum
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hobbies and leisure activities that put a person at risk for respiratory dysfunction?
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painting, ceramics, model-airplane building, furniture refinishing, woodworking
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Occupational risks for lung disease:
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coal dust, stone dust, silicone dust, latex, furniture dust, paint fumes, wood chips, saw dust
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What race of people has a 3-5% lower oxygen saturation level than other races?
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African american. Dark skinned races.
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Recent weight loss, night sweats, and sleep problems are all symptoms of what disease?
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TB or a chronic respiratory patient who doesnt have the energy to eat
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Patients who are immunocompromised should recieve what vaccine yearly?
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flu vaccine
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When a patient complains of "something rubbing inside" (against chest wall) what kind of pain is it?
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pulmonary pain
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What do you assess for in a patient experiencing dyspnea?
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-is it slow or abrupt to occur
-duration -relieving factors -does wheezing, crackles, or stidor occur with breathlessness |
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Resonance should be heard in?
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normal lung tissue
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Resonance
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hollow sound
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what does hyperresonance indicate?
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trapped air. you would hear this with emphysema or asthma. normal in an older adult. very loud, booming, hollow sound.
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Crackles/Rales
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Caused by fluid secretions in airwasy, changes with suctioning or coughing
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Wheeze
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musical, squeeky sounds. indicates narrowed airways. do not clear with coughing.
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Rhonchi
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course, continuous, snoring sounds. means thick tenacious secretions, sputum production, obstruction by foreign body.
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Pleural friction rub
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loud, rough, grating sound. could mean pleurisy, TB, pneumonia, lung cancer
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Additional signs of respiratory inadequacy
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finger clubbing, weight loss, unevenly developed muscles
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endurance decreases with
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inadequate breathing and gas exchange
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Why is anxiety common in respiratory patients
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either from fear of not getting enough air or reduced oxygen to brain
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RBC count
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deficient hemoglobin can cause hypoxemia
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ABGs
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assess oxygenation
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Sputum specimens
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can be obtained by expectoration or suctioning. may need C&S to determine type of bacteria
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Sputum cytology
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evaluates cancer cells
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Chest X-ray
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gives baseline for future changes
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