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9 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Compliance
a measure of elasticity, expandability,and distensibility of the lungs and thoracic structures
Airway resistance
obstruction to airflow caused by conditions of respiratory system tissues, changes in airway diameter(bronchoconstriction, mucus obstruction)and/or pressure differences between atmospheric air and intrapulmonary air.
Body position
gravity accounts for greater ventilation in dependent areas of lung;
w/ inspiration and body upright, sitting, or standing, airway opening allows for airflow to follow the path of leadt resistance into the more compliant lung bases
Perfusion
blood flow thru pulmonary capillary bed and to the respiratory system structures

the actual blood flow through the pulmonary circulation
diffusion
movement of gas from an area of higher pressure to lower pressure;
O2 diffuses from the atmosphere into the alveolar, across the pulmonary capillary membrane and into the pulmonary capillaries for circulation throughout the body;
CO2 diffuses out of the pulmonary capillaries across the capillary membrane and into the alveoli to be exhaled;
diffusion continues until pressure differences become equal between the two areas
normal compliance
the lungs and thorax easily stretch distend when pressure is applied
high or increased compliance
lungs have lost their elasticity and the thorax is overdistended (emphysema)
low or decreased compliance
lungs require greater than normal energy expenditure to achieve normal levels of ventilation

pneumothorax,
pulmonary edema,
atelectasis,
acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)
Causes of increased airway resistance
ASTHMA-contraction of bronchial smooth muscle

CHRONIC BRONCHITIS-thickening of bronchial mucosa

MUCUS,TUMOR,FORIEGN BODY-obstruction of the airway

EMPHYSEMA-loss of lung elasticity(characterized by connective tissue encircling the airways thereby keeping them open during inspiration and expiration)