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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Compliance
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a measure of elasticity, expandability,and distensibility of the lungs and thoracic structures
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Airway resistance
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obstruction to airflow caused by conditions of respiratory system tissues, changes in airway diameter(bronchoconstriction, mucus obstruction)and/or pressure differences between atmospheric air and intrapulmonary air.
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Body position
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gravity accounts for greater ventilation in dependent areas of lung;
w/ inspiration and body upright, sitting, or standing, airway opening allows for airflow to follow the path of leadt resistance into the more compliant lung bases |
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Perfusion
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blood flow thru pulmonary capillary bed and to the respiratory system structures
the actual blood flow through the pulmonary circulation |
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diffusion
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movement of gas from an area of higher pressure to lower pressure;
O2 diffuses from the atmosphere into the alveolar, across the pulmonary capillary membrane and into the pulmonary capillaries for circulation throughout the body; CO2 diffuses out of the pulmonary capillaries across the capillary membrane and into the alveoli to be exhaled; diffusion continues until pressure differences become equal between the two areas |
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normal compliance
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the lungs and thorax easily stretch distend when pressure is applied
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high or increased compliance
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lungs have lost their elasticity and the thorax is overdistended (emphysema)
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low or decreased compliance
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lungs require greater than normal energy expenditure to achieve normal levels of ventilation
pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, atelectasis, acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) |
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Causes of increased airway resistance
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ASTHMA-contraction of bronchial smooth muscle
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS-thickening of bronchial mucosa MUCUS,TUMOR,FORIEGN BODY-obstruction of the airway EMPHYSEMA-loss of lung elasticity(characterized by connective tissue encircling the airways thereby keeping them open during inspiration and expiration) |