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34 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
the following are frequent causes of what acid-base imbalance?
depression; hypoventilation, atelectasis, broncial obstruction, severe pulmonary infections, heart failure & pulmonary edema; pulmonary embolism
respiratory acidosis
PaCO2 > 45mmHg
pH < 7.35
the following are frequent causes of what acid-base imbalance?
CNS lesions; hyperventilation; anxiety/fear/pain; fever & sepsis
respiratory alkalosis
PaCO2 < 35
pH > 7.45
the following are frequent causes of what acid-base imbalance?
Excess acid - anaerobic metabolism (shock); renal failure; ketoacidosis
metabolic acidosis
HCO3 < 22
pH < 7.35
the following are frequent causes of what acid-base imbalance?
Base deficit: diarrhea; intestinal fistulas
metabolic acidosis
HCO3 < 22
pH < 7.35
the following are frequent causes of what acid-base imbalance?
Base excess: lactate administration; excessive admin of bicarb
metabolic alkalosis
HCO3 >26
pH > 7.45
the following are frequent causes of what acid-base imbalance?
Acid deficit: vomiting or NG suctioning; hypokalemia & hypochloremia
metabolic alkalosis
HCO3 >26
pH > 7.45
the following are S/S of what acid-base imbalance?
Mental status changes; hyperventilation (poss. Kussmaul resp); dysrhythmias
metabolic acidosis
HCO3 < 22
pH < 7.35
the following are S/S of what acid-base imbalance?
lightheadedness; confusion; tingling in hands; dysrhythmias & palpitations
respiratory alkalosis
PaCO2 < 35
pH > 7.45
the following are S/S of what acid-base imbalance?
restlessness; confusion, lethargy; decreased responsiveness; tachycardia; dysrhythmias; dysnea; resp. distress
respiratory acidosis
PaCO2 > 45mmHg
pH < 7.35
the following are S/S of what acid-base imbalance?
mental status changes; hypoventilation; muscle cramps & twitching
metabolic alkalosis
HCO3 >26
pH > 7.45
this type of resp failure stems from breakdown of O2 transport from alveolous to arterial flow
type 1 - hypoxemic failure
this type of resp failure is linked to ND of "Impaired Gas Exchange"
type 1 - hypoxemic failure
this type of resp failure might be caused by:
pneumonia, cardiogenic pulmonary edema; acute resp distress syndrome; aspiration; atelectasis
type 1 - hypoxemic failure
this type of resp failure has S/S of:
decreased SaO2; decreased PaO2; increased resp rate
type 1 - hypoxemic failure
this type of resp failure uses the following treatments:
O2 therapy; treat the underlying cause
type 1 - hypoxemic failure
this type of resp failure uses the following treatments:
improve ventilation; may require mech ventilation; treat underlying cause as able
type II -
hypoxemic hypercapneic failure
this type of resp failure stems from musculoskeletal or anatomical lung dysfunction or suppression
type II -
hypoxemic hypercapneic failure
this type of resp failure is linked to ND of "Ineffective Breathing Pattern"
type II -
hypoxemic hypercapneic failure
this type of resp failure might be caused by:
COPD (alterations in lung anatomy); failure of the neuro sys to stimulate respiration (excess narcotic admin/head injury); muscular failure (muscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Guillain-Barre); or skeletal alterations (kyphosis or Fx due to trauma)
type II -
hypoxemic hypercapneic failure
this type of resp failure has S/S of:
increased PaCO2; decreased pH; decreased SaO2; decreased PaO2; RR may be increased or decreased; FRV decreases
type II -
hypoxemic hypercapneic failure
this type of resp failure results in failure to purge the lungs of CO2-rich air & intake of new O2-rich air from the environment
type II -
hypoxemic hypercapneic failure
"Impaired Spontaneous Ventilation" is an appropriate ND for this type of resp failure
type II -
hypoxemic hypercapneic failure
this type of pharyngeal airway is contraindicated in clients who are alert & have an intact gag reflex
oropharyneal airways
this type of mask is ideal for use in clients wit COPD b/c the mask produces precise & low-flow O2 levels
venturi mask