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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are antitussives mechanism of action?
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inhibit cough center in medulla
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What are antitussives used for?
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dry, non-productive cough
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Who would not be given an antitussive?
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someone that would benefit from coughing
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What are expectorants used for?
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productive cough
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What do expectorants do?
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decrease viscosity of bronchial secretions to make it easier to move mucous up and out
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What are mucolytics used for?
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to treat thick, viscous secretions seen in cystic fibrosis and chronic bronchitis
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What do mucolytics do?
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break down chemical structure of mucus molecules which makes the mucus thinner and easier to get out
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What should you do before and after giving a mucolytic?
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asculate lung sounds
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What are antihistamines mechanism of action?
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prevent histamine activity, not histamine release
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When should antihistamines be taken?
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before exposure to block receptor sites before allergy attack
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What are the contraindications for antihistamines?
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cardiovascular d/s
hyperthyroidism glaucoma UT d/s diabetes peptic ulcer d/s seizures depression severe kidney or liver impairment |
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What are the side/adverse effects of the first generation antihistamines?
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dry nose and mouth, thickened and reduced secretions, drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness, blurred vision, epigastric distress, constipation, hypotension, palpitations
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Are antihistamines useful for anaphylaxis?
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no
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What are the side/adverse effects of second generation antihistamines?
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H/A, nausea, dry mouth, fatigue
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What are the three types of bronchodilators?
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anticholinergics
beta agonist methylxanthines |
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What are bronchodilators used for?
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to treat reversible airway obstruction and bronchospasm associated with COPD and asthma
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Are anticholinergics rescue drugs?
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no they're slow, long acting drugs
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How do anticholinergics work?
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block parasympathetic nervous system which decreases the response to Ach which relieves bronchial spasms
stimulate beta 2 receptors in lungs which leads to bronchodilation |
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What are beta-adrenergtic agonist?
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bronchodilators
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How are beta-agonist classified?
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by receptors
onset and duration |
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If the beta-agonist stimulates alpha 1 what effect will occur?
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vasoconstriction of arterioles and venules which increases BP and heart contractility
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If the beta-agonist stimulates beta 1 what effect will occur?
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increased HR and contraction
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If the beta-agonist stimulates beta 2 what effect will occur?
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bronchodilation
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Which receptors do non-selective beta-agonist stimulate?
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alpha 1, beta 1 and beta 2
have a lot of side effects |
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Which receptors do non-selective beta beta-agonist stimulate?
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beta 1 and beta 2
heart and lungs |
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Which receptors do selective beta 2 beta-agonist stimulate?
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beta 2
produce less side effects |
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What kind of drug are the ultra short acting?
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rescue
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What kind of drug are the short acting?
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rescue and maintenance
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What kind of drug is the intermediate acting?
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maintenance
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What kind of drug is the long acting?
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maintenance
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What are methylxanthines?
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bronchodilators
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How do methylxanthines work?
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stimulates respiration and dilate pulmonary vessels which relax pulmonary vascular smooth muscle
also stimulate CNS, dilate coronary vessels and cause diuresis |
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Are methylxanthines used as maintenance or rescue?
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can be used for both depending on the dose and route
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What are the adverse reactions of beta-agonist and methylxanthines?
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CNS stimulation
tachycardia HTN angina palpitations arrhythmias blurred vision dry mouth constipation hyperglycemia respiratory failure |
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What does BASS stand for?
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beta-agonist first
anticholinergic steriod mast cell stabilizer |
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How do antileukotrines work?
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prevent leukotrines from attaching to receptors located on circulating cells and cells within the lungs
some block the enzyme that synthesizes leukotrienes |
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What are antileukotrines used for?
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maintenance therapy for chronic asthma
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What are the adverse effects of antileukotrines?
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H/A
cough nasal congestion GI upset churg-strauss syndrome |
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How do glucocorticoid steroids work?
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reduce inflammation and mucus secretion
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What are the side effects of glucocorticoid steroids?
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sore throat
hoarseness dry mouth pharyngeal and laryngeal fungal infections can occur |
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What are mast cell stabilizers used for?
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prevention of bronchospasms and bronchial asthma attacks
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How do mast cell stabilizers work?
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stabilizing mast cells that would normally release histamines and other mediators in response to an allergen
not used for acute attacks |
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What are the side effects of mast cell stabilizers?
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dry throat, cough, wheezing and bad taste in mouth
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How do antituberculars work?
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inhibits cell wall and protein synthesis of mycobacterium tuberculosis
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What is always used for active TB?
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multidrug therapy
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What are the side affects of antituberculars?
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liver damage possible
peripheral neuritis optic neuritis nausea, vomiting |
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Why would B6 be taken?
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to prevent peripheral neuritis
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