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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
respirations
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~overall process by which an exchange takes place btwn atmospher & cells of the body
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ventilation
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~movement of air in and out of airways, intermittently replenishing the O2 and removing CO2 4m lungs
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COPD
Etio |
~group of conditions assoc w/chronic obstruc of air flow enter/exit lungs
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pulmonary emphysema
S/S |
~SOB
~diff exhaling ~purse-lip breathing ~wheezing ~crackles ~barrel chest ~shallow rapid resp ~hypoxia ~productive cough ~ABG incr chronic resp acidosis |
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pulmonary emphysema
NI |
~breathing by sitting up/leaning 4wd
~freq rest periods ~pulm toilet ~nebulizer ~O2 @ low flow (2-3L) |
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pulmonary emphysema
Teaching |
~avoid crowds
~purse-lip breathing ~diaphragm breathing ~record 1st signs of URI |
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pulmonary emphysema
home care |
~dust w/wet cloth
~avoid powerful odors ~avoid extreme temps ~no fireplace ~no pets ~no feather pillows |
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Chronic Bronchitis (Blue Bloater)
Etio |
~excessive mucous secretions w/in the airways & recurrent cough
~inflam of the lining of the bronchi ~caused by smoking, bact infec ~bronchi fill with mucus and grow narrower |
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Chronic Bronchitis (Blue Bloater)
S/S |
~cough
~dyspnea on exertion ~dyspnea (@ rest) ~hypoxemia ~crackles ~ronchi |
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Chronic Bronchitis (Blue Bloater)
NI |
~prev/avoid smoking
~decr irritants ~incr humidity ~bronchodilators ~chest PT ~postural drainage (trendelenburg/vibrations) ~breathing techs |
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Asthma
Etio |
~antigen-antibody triggered by food, drugs, or inhaled particles
~condition of abnormal bronchial hyperreactivity 2 certain substances ~allergies cause inflam lead 2 spasms |
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Asthma
S/S |
~severe sudden dyspnea
~use of accessory muscles ~diff breathing supine ~diaphoresis ~anxious ~wheezing ~cyanotic in lips |
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Asthma
NI |
~calm/stay w/pt
~decr SOB ~high fowlers ~hydrate by IV ~O2 |
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status asthmaticus
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~attack lasting more than 24hrs is a med emergency
~could lead 2 death ~NI: high fowler's ~monitor V/S ~aminophyline immediately |
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Cor Pulmonale
Etio |
~increase in bulk of the right ventricle of the heart
~R side enlarged/works harder b/c lungs are congested ~CO2 backs up/accum in R side ~R ventricular hypertrophy secondary 2 dz of the lungs may/not be accompanied by heart failure |
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Cor Pulmonale
NI |
~bed rest
~monitor O2 therapy ~low Na diet |
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Carbon Dioxide Narcosis
Etio |
~near comatose state 2nd 2 high CO2 d/t chronic retention
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Carbon Dioxide Narcosis
NI |
~thoracentesis
~assist MD w/chest tube ~avoid high concentration of O2 ~2L NC O2 ~monitor O2 therapy response |
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Pneumothorax
Etio |
~collection of air/fluid in pleural space
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Pneumothorax
Cause |
~trauma
~thoracic surg ~CL insertion |
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Pneumothorax
S/S |
~sudden sharp chest pain
~sudden sob w/violent attempts 2 breath ~hypotension ~tachycardia ~anxiety ~diaphoresis ~restlessness |
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Pneumothorax
NI |
~remain w/client
~stay calm ~high fowler's ~V/S ~mon 4 shock ~chest tube |
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closed chest drainage
purpose |
~remove fluid/air 4m pleural space
~reest normal neg pressure in pleural space ~promote reexpansion of the lungs |
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closed chest drainage
one bottle system |
~water seal & drainage in the same bottle
~empyema |
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closed chest drainage
two bottle system |
~air & fluid
~pneumothorax, thoracic surg |
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closed chest drainage
three bottle system |
~suction control
~pneumothorax, thoracic surg |
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closed chest drainage
NI |
~know purpose of bottle system
~chest xray 2 assess placement of chest tube ~doc character of drainage ~keep bottled below heart level ~make sure tube isnt kinked ~bubbling/fluctuation (normal) ~reest normal neg pressure ~mon resp, resp distress, chest xray ~pos semi/high fowlers |
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tuberculosis
cause |
~mycobacterial organism
~nonmotile, aerobic ~killed by heat or UV light ~harbors in dark, cool, O2 places (lungs) |
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tuberculosis
etio |
~communicable, infectious, inflam dz that can occur in any part of the body
~alcohol abuse prone b/c low resistance |
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tuberculosis
risk factors |
~overcrowded
~poor living conditions ~poor nutritional status ~prev infec ~alcohol abuse (low immune sys) ~close contact w/infectious person |
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tuberculosis
S/S |
~productive cough w/sputum
~crackles ~dyspnea ~hemoptysis ~night sweats ~wt loss ~anorexia ~vomit ~indigestion ~pallor |
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tuberculosis
dx tests |
~skin: mantoux test
~sputum: acid-fast bacilus ~chest xray: infiltration ~hx/exam: living conditions, family hx ~fasting gastric analysis |
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fasting gastric analysis
|
~insert NG tube 2 aspirate sputum & send 2 lab
~children do not ocuhg & sputum goes 2 stomach |
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tuberculosis
chemo meds |
~ethambutol
~rifampin ~isonizid (INH) ~pyridioxine (B6) ~streptomycin |
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pneumonia
etio |
~secretions on alveoli
~inflam of lungs caused by infectious agents ~low O2, high CO2 |
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pneumonia
causes |
~bacteria
~viral ~aspiration ~inhalation of irritating fumes |
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pneumonia
risk factors |
~elderly
~infants ~alcohol abusers ~post-op clients ~pts w/viral infections |
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pneumonia
S/S |
~night sweats
~sudden onset of chills ~fever ~cough (dry to rusty colored sputum) ~dyspnea ~pallor ~tachypnea ~tachycardia ~pseudo: smelly, green/yellow drainage, too much suctioning |
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pneumonia
NI |
~mantoux test (read 48-72hrs)
~admins drugs ~bed rest ~check 4 allergies |
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bronchiectasis
etio |
~narrow airway
~dz of bronchi categorized by chronic dilation & destruction of bronchial elasticity ~begins in childhood secondary 2 decr resp tract infect which develops as a complication of the measles, whooping cough, or flu |
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bronchiectasis
S/S |
~lg amt of thick purulent sputum
~severe cough ~fetid breath b/c of accumulated secretions ~hemoptysis ~paroxysmal coughing |
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bronchiectasis
NI |
~cough & deep breath
~nebulizer ~bed rest ~antimacrobial |
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lobectomy
|
~removal of only one lobe
~reason:TB, abcess ~POST:chest tube |
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segmentectomy
|
~removal of a segment of a loobe
~reason: infect ~POST: chest tube |
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wedge resection
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~removal of a small portion of the lung tissue
~reason: infec ~POST:chest tube |
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AIDS
etio |
~infectious dz categ by severe deficit in cellular immune function
~human immunodeficiency virus ~CD4/T4/WBC cells decr |
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AIDS
high risk behaviors |
~unprotected sex w/infected partner
~IV drug abusers ~needles ~blood transfusions before 1985 ~babies w/infected mothers |
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AIDS
s/s |
~wt loss
~lymphadenopathy ~leukopenia ~diarrhea ~fatigue ~night sweats |
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opportunistic infections
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) |
~major source of death
~S/S:cough, progressive SOB, low grade fever |
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opportunistic infections
kaposi's sarcoma |
~purple-red raised lesion of internal skin
|
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opportunistic infections
candidiasis |
~fungal infec in mouth
~dont eat b/c painful |
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opportunistic infections
herpes viruses |
~type 2 (genital/perirectal)
~cytomegalovirus (CMV) |
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AIDS
NI |
~resp support
~prev spread of infec ~health teaching ~safe sex ~handwashing ~protective isolation |
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chest physiotherapy
etio |
~percussion & vibration over thorax to loosen secretion in affected areas of the lungs
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chest physiotherapy
NI |
~keep layer of material btwn hands/skin
~stop if pain occurs |
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postural drainage
etio |
~use of gravity 2 drain secretion 4m lungs & can be combined w/chest PT
~best time done 1hr b4 meals or 2hrs after meals |
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postural drainage
NI |
~proper positioning
~stop if becomes cyanotic ~position for 5-20mins |
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postural drainage
C/I |
~IICP
~unstable V/S |
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pulmonary toilet
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~done after surgery
~cough ~deep breathing ~chest PT ~turn/position |
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intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB)
etio |
~delivery of aerosolized meds to resp tree by pos pressure
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intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB)
adverse effects |
~vertigo
~HA ~anxiety ~cardiac arrythmias ~pneumothorax |
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using inhalers
|
~shake inhaler
~remove cap ~breathe deeply O&O thru mouth ~insert mouthpiece/form tight seal w/lips ~with index finger, depress top while inhaling slowly ~remove inhaler/hold breath as long as poss ~exhale & wait 1-2mins b4 next dose |
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suctioning
indications |
~client is unable 2 raise secretion after coughing or chest PT
~also obtain a sputum sample |
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suctioning
procedure |
~sterile tech
~lub cath b4 insertion ~hyperO2 pt ~advance cath ~w/drawl cath while applying intermittent suctioning & rotate cath ~wait 3mins b4 next suction |
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suctioning
adverse effects |
~hypoxia
~arrhythmia ~bronchospasm ~infection |
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emphysema
etio |
~alveoli doesnt expand
~O2/CO2 doesnt fully ventilate ~low O2, high CO2 |
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emphysema
NI |
~no feather dusters/pillows
~avoid lysols, clorox, bleach |
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tuberculosis
teaching |
~can be cured w/drug therapy
~drugs taken in combo w/others 2 avoid bacterial resistance ~drugs taken same time qD on empty stomach ~6-12mo ~yearly check-ups ~good nutrition |
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pneumonia
meds |
~penicillin (assess allergies)
~tetracyclin ~erythromycin ~cephalosporin |
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AIDs
NI |
~standard precautions
~protective isolation ~lymphadenopathy ~resp support ~prev spread of infec ~health teaching ~safe sex ~handwashing |
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AIDs
meds |
~azidothymidine AZT/zidovudine
~intaferon (rofem) ~pentamidine (pentam) |
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chest physiotherapy
meds |
~albuterol
~bronkosol ~isuprel |
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pulmonary emphysema
etio |
~pink puffer
~incr in size of distal air spaces w/loss of alveolar walls & elastic recoils of the lungs ~alveoli becomes rigid, no elasticity |
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postural drainage
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~trendelenburg pos
~vibrations to break up secretions |
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tuberculosis
sputum test |
~get 1st sample in AM b4 breakfast
~15mL |
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pneumonia
causes - bacteria |
~strep: upper, pneumococcal
~no smell ~broncho: lower, pseudomonas ~smelly, green/yellow drainage ~tx: antibiotics |
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paroxsysmal coughing
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~intermittent coughing @ night
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pneumoectomy
|
~removal of entire lungs
~no need 4 drainage/chest tube ~used for CA |
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pulmonary emphysema
etio |
~the tiny air sacs within the lungs (alveoli) are destroyed
~the alveoli are not able to pick up enough oxygen for the lungs ~pink puffer |