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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the #1 reason, generally, for hemoptysis
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Bronchitis. Cancer next
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What is the most important factor used in the "Port" criteria for determining risk in pneumonia
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Age
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If FEV is low then what?
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Think obstructive
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If FVC is low then what?
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Think Restrictive
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What is the purpose of spirometry
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provides information about obstructive or restrictive air flow; used to support the diagnosis of COPD and chronic restrive pulmonary disease
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What is FVC (forced vital capacity)
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amount of air that can be forcefully expelled from a maximally inflated lung position.
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What is forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)
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volume of air expelled during 1st sec of FVC. In obstructive it is less than predicted value.
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What is FEV1 / FVC
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ratio of FEV1 to FVC. In healthy adults should be 75+
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If FEV1 / FVC lower than predicted than think what?
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obstructive
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If FVC is decreased think what
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restrictive: although, normal or decreased can also be obstructive
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If FEV1 is decreased think what
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obstructive but restrictive can also be normal or decreased
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If FEV1 / FVC ratio is decreased then think what?
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obstructive
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If Total lung capacity is normal or increased then think what
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obstructive
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If total lung capacity is decreased then think what
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restrictive
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Where does lung cancer metastasis to?
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brain, liver, bone and adrenals
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What are the 2 primary classifications of Lung cancer
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bronchogenic 95%, and alveolar cell
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What are the 4 primary types of bronchogenic carcinomas
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squamous cell, small cell (oat cell) adenocarcinoma and large cell
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What are some early signs of squamous cell cancer
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cough and sputum
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What are some late signs of squamous cell cancer
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hemoptysis, CP, pneumonia, dyspnea, wt loss, obstructive phenomenon
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What radiological findings might you see for squamous cell cancer
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central lesion most common. Peripheral lesions larger than other primary lung cancers, commonly found in upper lobe
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How would you diagnose squamous cell cancer
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sputum cytology, bronchial washings and biopsy
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What are early and late signs of large cell cancer
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early: cough, sputum. Late: hemoptysis, CP, pneumonia, dyspnea, wt loss, obstructive phenomenon
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What radiologic findings might you see with large cell cancer
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central lesion in 40%
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What clinical findings might you see with oat cell cancer
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early: cough, sputum. Late: hemoptysis, CP, pneumonia, dyspnea, wt loss, obstructive phenomenon
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What radiologic findings might you see with oat cell cancer
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hilar and peripheral lesions common, may have mediastinal widening
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How would you diagnose oat cell cancer
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sputum cytology, bronchial washings and biopsy
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What kind of lung cancer is associated with "coin" lesions
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adenocarcinoma
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Which kind of lung cancer is known as the "silent" cancer and typically found on routine CXR
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adenocarcinoma
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Define solitary pulmonary nodules
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single; radiogrphically visible lesion that is within and surrounded on all sides by pulmonary parynchama
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Name 3 common benign lung tumors
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hamartoma, fibroma, chondroma
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