Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Albuterol
(Proventil, Ventolin, ProAir, Accuneb) |
Indications: reversible bronchospasm in asthma, COPD
Mode of Action: Short-acting Beta-2 agonist resulting in bronchodilation, minimal Beta-1 activity Dosage: SVN 2.5 mg TID-QID, MDI 90mcg/puff, 2 puffs TID-QID, Tab 2mg, 4mg, and 8mg BID, TID, or QID, Syrup 2 mg/5mL 1-2 tsp TID-QID Adverse Side Effects: tachycardia, dry mouth, nervousness, palpitations Precautions: Use with caution in those who are tachycardic Class: Saligenin |
|
|
Metaproterenol
(Alupent) |
Indication: reversible bronchospasm in COPD, asthma
Mode of action: Short-acting Beta-2 agonist resulting in bronchodilation, minimal Beta-1 effect Dosage: SVN 15mg TID-QID, MDI 650 mcg/puff 2-3 puffs TID-QID, Tab 10mg-20mg TID-QID, Syrup 10mg per 5 mL Side Effects: Bad taste, worsening of asthma, nasal congestion Class: Resorcinol |
|
|
Epinephrine
(Adrenaline CL, Epinephrine Mist, Primatene Mist) |
Indication: Relief of SOB, chest tightness and wheezing in bronchial asthma
Mode of action: Stimulation of Alpha-1, Beta-1 and Beta-2 receptors Dosage: SVN 1% solution 0.25-0.5 mL QID, MDI 0.22 mg/puff 2 puffs as needed Side Effects: V-fib, hypertension, anxiety, tachycardia Class: Catacholamine |
|
|
Isoetharine
(Bronkosol) |
Indications: Reversible bronchospasm
Mode of action: Beta-2 agonist Dosage: SVN 0.5% solution 0.5 mL (2.5 mg) q4h Side effects: tachycardia, nervousness Precautions: Safety has not been established in children under 12 years of age Class: Catacholamine |
|
|
Levalbuterol
(Xopenex, Xopenex HFA) |
Indications: reversible bronchospasm
Mode of action: Beta-2 agonist Dosage: SVN 0.31 mg 0.63 mg 1.25 mg TID, MDI 45 mcg/puff 2 puffs q4-6h Side Effects: nervousness Class: Saligenin |
|
|
Terbutaline sulfate
(Brethaire, Brethine) |
Indication: reversible bronchospasm in asthma, COPD
Mode of action: Short-acting Beta-2 agonist resulting in bronchodilation, minimum Beta-1 activity Dosage: MDI 200 mcg/puff 1-2 puffs q4-6h Side Effects: PVCs, tachycardia, wheezing, hypersensitivity reactions, Class: Resorcinol |
|
|
Racemic Epinephrine
(microNefrin, Vaponephrine) |
Indications: Croup, Airway edema
Mode of action: Beta-2 agonist Dosage: SVN 2.25% solution 0.25-0.5 mL QID Side Effects: tachycardia, cardiac arrythmias Class: Catacholamine |
|
|
Pirbuterol
(Maxair Autohaler) |
Indication: Reversible bronchospasm
Mode of Action: Beta-2 agonist Dosage: MDI 200 mcg/puff 2 puffs q4-6h Side Effects: PVCs, hyperactivity, anxiety, dry mouth Class: Saligenin |
|
|
Isoproterenol
(Isuprel) |
Indications: Relief of bronchospasms
Mode of action: Stimulates Beta-1 and Beta-2 receptors Dosage: MDI 103 mcg/puff 1-2 puff QID, SVN 0.5% or 1% QID Side Effects: Cardiac arrest, hyperactivity, wheezing, flushing Class: Catacholamine |
|
|
Bitolterol
(Tornalate) |
Indications: Prophylaxzis and treatment of asthma
Mode of action: Prodrug converted to colterol. Colterol combines with beta-2 adrenergic receptors Dose: SVN 0.2% solution (2.5mg) q8 or TID, MDI 370 mcg/puff 2 puffs TID Class: Catacholamine |
|
|
Formoterol
(Foradil) |
Indication: Maintenance of asthma and COPD
Mode of action: long-acting adrenegic bronchodilator Dosage: DPI 12 mcg/capsule 1 capsule BID Side Effects: Chest pain, wheezing, increased thrist, worsening asthma symptoms Precautions: Do not take during an asthma attack! Class: Saligenin |
|
|
Salmeterol
(Serevent) |
Indications: Maintenance of asthma and COPD
Mode of action: long-acting adrenegic beonchodilator Dosage: MDI 21 mcg/puff 2 puffs BID, DPI 50 mcg/capsule 1 capsule BID Side effects: wheezing, worsening asthma symptoms, chest pain Precautions: Do not take during an asthma attack Class: Saligenin |
|
|
Arformoterol
(Brovana) |
Indications: Maintenance of COPD
Mode of action: Long-term adrenergic bronchodilator Dose: SVN 15 mcg/2 mL unit dose BID Side Effects: Back pain, chest pain, difficulty breathing, flu-like symptoms Class: Saligenin |
|
|
Ipratropium bromide
(Atrovent) |
Indications: Treat COPD, cholinergic mediated bronchospasm (methacholine challegene)
Mode of Action: Blocks ACH from stimulating the cholinergic receptor, inhibits degranulation of mast cell Dosage: SVN 0.02% TID or QID, MDI 18 mcg/puff 2 puffs TID or QID, nasal spray 0.03% and 0.06% 2 sprays each nare BID or QID Side Effects: Headache, nervousness, agitation, thickening of secretions, dryness of mouth Class: Quaternary Ammonium Compound |
|
|
Tiotropium
(Spiriva) |
Indications: Treat COPD
Mode of Action: Blocks ACH from stimulating the cholinergic receptor, inhibits degranulation of mast cell Dosage: DPI 18 mcg/capsule 1 capsule qday Side Effects: Headache, nervousness, agitation, thickening of secretions, dryness of mouth Class: Quaternary Ammonium Compound |
|
|
Atropine
(Atropair) |
Indications: Used before surgery to control saliva and bronchial secretions, rhinorrhea
Mode of Action: cholinergic blocking agent Dosage: IM IV or SC 0.4-0.6 mg q4-6h Side Effects: Palpitation, Angina, Thickening of secretions, drying of mucus membranes Precautions: Effects are dose dependent Class: Tertiary Ammonium Compound |
|
|
Theophylline
(Uniphyl, Theo-dur) |
Indications: Bronchodilation, respiratory stimulant
Mode of Action: Unsure though there are four common theories Dosage: 3 mg/kg q8h Side Effects: insomnia, headache, tachypnea, palpitation, diuresis Precautions: Must use IBW to calculate dosage, dosage must be adjusted to blood serum levels Class: Xanthine |
|
|
Triamcinolone
(Azmacort, Nasalcort) |
Indications: COPD, asthma
Mode of Action: Blockage of arachidonc acid resulting in decreased inflammation Dosage: MDI 100 mcg/puff 2 puffs TID-QID not to exceed 16 puffs/day, nasal spray 55 mcg/spray 2 sprays each nare Qday Side Effects: weight gain, lethargy, headace, thrush Precautions: Use of steroids may mask the effect of infections, long term use of steroids may cause Cushings disease Class: Corticosteroid |
|
|
Budesonide
(Pulmicort) |
Indications: COPD, asthma
Mode of Action: Blockage of arachidonc acid resulting in decreased inflammation Dosage: DPI 200 mcg/capsule 1 capsule BID, SVN 0.25 mg or 0.5 mg Qday or BID Side Effects: weight gain, lethargy, headace, thrush Precautions: Use of steroids may mask the effect of infections, long term use of steroids may cause Cushings disease Class: Corticosteroid |
|
|
Beclomethasone dipropionate
(QVAR, Beclovent, Vanceril) |
Indications: COPD, asthma
Mode of Action: Blockage of arachidonc acid resulting in decreased inflammation Dosage: MDI 42 mcg/puff 2 puffs TID to QID not to exceed 20 puffs/day, Nasal spray 42 mcg/spray one spray each nare BID, MDI (QVAR) 40 mcg or 80 mcg 2 puffs BID Side Effects: weight gain, lethargy, headace, thrush Precautions: Use of steroids may mask the effect of infections, long term use of steroids may cause Cushings disease Class: Corticosteroid |
|
|
Fluticasone propionate
(Flonase, Flovent) |
Indications: COPD, asthma
Mode of Action: Blockage of arachidonc acid resulting in decreased inflammation Dosage: MDI 44 mcg/puff 110 mcg/puff or 220 mcg/puff 2 puffs BID, Nasal Spray 50 mcg/spray 2 sprays each nare Qday, DPI 50 mcg/capsule 100 mcg/capsule or 250 mcg/capsule one capsule BID Side Effects: weight gain, lethargy, headace, thrush Precautions: Use of steroids may mask the effect of infections, long term use of steroids may cause Cushings disease Class: Corticosteroid |
|
|
Flunisolide
(Aerobid, Nasalide) |
Indications: COPD, asthma
Mode of Action: Blockage of arachidonc acid resulting in decreased inflammation Dosage: MDI 250 mcg/puff 2 puffs BID not to exceed 4 puffs twice daily, Nasal Spray 25 mcg/spray 2 sprays each nare BID Side Effects: weight gain, lethargy, headace, thrush Precautions: Use of steroids may mask the effect of infections, long term use of steroids may cause Cushings disease Class: Corticosteroid |
|
|
Mometasone furoate
(Asmanex) |
Indications: COPD, asthma
Mode of Action: Blockage of arachidonc acid resulting in decreased inflammation Dosage: DPI 220 mcg/capsule Qday maybe given BID to steroid dependent patients Side Effects: weight gain, lethargy, headace, thrush Precautions: Use of steroids may mask the effect of infections, long term use of steroids may cause Cushings disease Class: Corticosteroid |
|
|
Dornase alfa
(Pulmozyme) |
Indications: Cystic fibrosis
Mode of Action: Breaks down the polypeptide backbone of the mucus molecule Dosage: SVN 2.5 mg BID or Qday Side Effects: Skin rash, sputum increase, change in sputum, nasal polyps, bronchitis Precautions: Do not use if patient unable to clear secretions, must be refridgerated, light sensitive Class: Mucoactive agents |
|
|
Acetylcysteine
(Mucomyst) |
Indications: Tenacious secretions, viscid secretions, acetaminophen OD
Mode of Action: breaks down the disulfide bond of the mucoprotein and decreasing the viscosity of secretions Dosage: SVN 2-5 mL of 10% or 20% solution TID to QID, direct instillation 2-4 mL of 10% or 20% solution Side Effects: Nausea and vomiting, bronchospasm, persistant hoarseness Precautions: Use with care in those with a weak stomach, use with a bronchodilator because bronchospasm may occur Class: Mucoactive agent |
|
|
Sodium Bicarbonate
|
Indications: Tenacious secretions, viscid secretions
Mode of Action: It is a weak base when it comes in contact with the bronchial mucosal it increases the pH which causes the saccharide side chain to rupture weakening the mucoprotein structure and thereby decreasing the viscosity of the mucus Dosage: SVN 2-5 mls of 2.5% to 5% q4-8h, direct instillation 5-10 mL of 2.5% to 5% solution PRN Side Effects: Irritation of the bronchial mucosa, irritation of the oropharyngeal Precautions: Recommended to administer a beta-agonist at the same time Class: Mucoactive agent |
|
|
Ethyl Alcohol
(Ethanol) |
Indications:To decrease surface tension
Mode of Action: Decrease the surface tension of frothy bubbles in the respiratory tracts commonly present in patients in pulmonary edema Dosage: IPPB 30% to 50% 5-15 mLs PRN Side Effects: Mucosa irritation, bronchospasm, slight intoxication, local dehydration Class: Surface Active Agent |
|
|
Beractant
(Survanta) |
Indications: To decrease surface tension, HMD, low birth weight infant < 1350 grams
Mode of Action: Coats the alveoli and prevents them from collapsing Dosage: Direct instillation 100 mg/Kg or 4mLs/Kg q6 to q12h X 4 treatments Side Effects: Bradycardia, hypoxemia, CO2 retention, apnea, pulmonary hemorrhage Precautions: Always be prepared for adverse reactions, do not suction for one hour, warm medication 20 minutes before using Class: Modified natural Surfactant (Comes from cow lungs) |
|
|
Colfosceril palmitate
(Exosurf Neonate) |
Indications: To decrease surface tension, HMD, low birth weight infant < 1350 grams
Mode of Action: Coats the alveoli and prevents them from collapsing Dosage: Direct instillation 5 mL/Kg birth weight or 68 mg/Kg q12h X 4 treatments Side Effects: Bradycardia, hypoxemia, CO2 retention, apnea, pulmonary hemorrhage Precautions: Always be prepared for adverse reactions, do not suction for one hour, warm medication 20 minutes before using Class: Artifical surfactant |
|
|
Poractant alfa
(Curosurf) |
Indications: To decrease surface tension, HMD, low birth weight infant < 1350 grams
Mode of Action: Coats the alveoli and prevents them from collapsing Dosage: Direct instillation 2.5 mL/Kg or 200 mg/Kg q12 X4 treatments Side Effects: Bradycardia, hypoxemia, CO2 retention, apnea, pulmonary hemorrhage Precautions: Always be prepared for adverse reactions, do not suction for one hour, warm medication 20 minutes before using Class: Natural surfactant (pig lung) |
|
|
Calfactant
(Infasurf) |
Indications: To decrease surface tension, HMD, low birth weight infant < 1350 grams
Mode of Action: Coats the alveoli and prevents them from collapsing Dosage: Direct Instillation 3 mLs/Kg or 105 mg/Kg q6-q12h Side Effects: Bradycardia, hypoxemia, CO2 retention, apnea, pulmonary hemorrhage Precautions: Always be prepared for adverse reactions, do not suction for one hour, warm medication 20 minutes before using Class: Modified natural surfactant (Bovine) |
|
|
Cromolyn Sodium
(Intal, Nasalcrom) |
Indications: Prophylactic treatment of asthma, prevention of exercise induced asthma, Allergic rhinitis
Mode of action: Inhibits the degranulation of the mast cell by directly blocking the influx of calcium ions from entering the mast cell OR combines to the IgE receptors on the mast cells and blocks from stimulating several chemical mediators Dosage: SVN 20 mg/2mL (1%) QID, MDI 2 puffs 800 mcg/puff QID, DPI 20 mg/capsule 1 capsule QID, Nasal Spray 4% solutino 1 spray each nare TID to q4h Side Effects: dizziness, headache, bronchospasm, wheezing, cough, nasal congestion, rash, dryness Precautions: Do not use in an acute asthma attack! Use with caution in pt with hepatic failure Class: Mast cell stabilizer |
|
|
Zafirlukast
(Accolate) |
Indications: Prevents bronchial constriction associated with asthma, used for exercise and allergy-induced asthma
Mode of action: Inhibits leukotrine receptors Dosage: 20 mg tablets 1 tablet BID Side Effects: headache, respiratory infections, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea Precautions: Monitor for liver damage Class: Leukotriene inhibitor |
|
|
Omalizumab
(Xolair) |
Indications: Prevents bronchial constriction associated with asthma, used for exercise and allergy-induced asthma
Mode of Action: Blocks IgE from binding to receptors Dosage: SubQ injection every 4 weeks 150-375mg, dose dependent on weight and serum IgE levels Side Effects: Headache, redness and irriation at the injection site, sore throat, cold symptoms Class: Monoclonal Antibody |
|
|
Nedocromil Sodium
(Tilade) |
Indications: Prophylactic treatment of asthma, prevention of exercise induced asthma, Allergic rhinitis
Mode of action: Inhibits the degranulation of the mast cell by directly blocking the influx of calcium ions from entering the mast cell OR combines to the IgE receptors on the mast cells and blocks from stimulating several chemical mediators Dosage: MDI 1.75 mg/puff 2 puffs QID Side Effects: Unpleasant taste, headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness Precautions: Do not use in an acute asthma attack! Use with caution in pt with hepatic failure Class: Mast Cell stabilizer |
|
|
Montelukast
(Singulair) |
Indications: Prevents bronchial constriction associated with asthma, used for exercise and allergy-induced asthma
Mode of action: Inhibits leukotrine receptors Dosage: 10 mg tablets and 4 mg and 5 mg chewable tablets 1 tablet qday Side Effects: headache, respiratory infections, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea Precautions: Monitor for liver damage Class: Leukotriene inhibitor |
|
|
Zileuton
(Zyflo) |
Indications: Prevents bronchial constriction associated with asthma, used for exercise and allergy-induced asthma
Mode of action: Inhibits leukotrine receptors Dosage: 600 mg tablets 1 tablet QID Side Effects: headache, respiratory infections, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea Precautions: Monitor for liver damage Class: Leukotriene inhibitor |
|
|
Ribavirin
(Virazole) |
Indications: RSV, Influenza type A & B, Herpes simplex
Mode of action: inhibits the replication of DNA and therefore the virus can not replicate Dosage: Aerosilized in a SPAG 20 mg/mL (6 gram/300mL) in a 12-18 hour period over 3-7 days Side Effects: apnea, pneumonia, worsening of pulmonary function in asthma, cardiac arrest, rash, conjunctivitis Class: Class V anti-infective agent |
|
|
Tobramycin
(TOBI) |
Indications: P aeruginosa infection in Cystic fibrosis
Mode of action: Treats gram negative infections by binding to the ribosomes and blocking protein synthesis causing death. Dosage: SVN 300 mg BID 28 days on 28 days off Side Effects: Bronchospasm, may result in drug resistant strains, |
|
|
Colistimethate
(Colistin) |
Indications: Serious gram-negative infections including P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter
Mecahnism of Action: Mechanism of action similar to detergent, incorporates into the cell membranes causing disruption Dosage: 150 mg tablets BID Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, Nephrotoxicity, seizures, respiratory paralysis |
|
|
Zanamivir
(Relenza) |
Indications: Treatment of acute illness caused by the influenza virus
Mode of action: Bind to the viral enzyme neuraminidase and thus block the enzyme's action Dosage: DPI 5 mg/capsule 2 inhalations taken BID for 5 days Side Effects: Bronchospasm, deterioratin of lung function, undertreatment of bacterial infection, cough, dizziness, headache |
|
|
Gentamycin
(Garamycin) |
Indications: Serious infections caused by P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Staphylococcus
Mode of Action: Broad-spectrum antibiotic believed to inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes Dosage: 80 mg tablets 1 tablet BID, 80 mg BID may also be nebulized Side Effects: Seizures, numbness, twitching, Precautions: Use with extreme caution in neonates |
|
|
Pentamidine
(Pentab, NebuPent) |
Indications: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)
Mode of Action: inhibits the synthesis of DNA and RNA specifically to the phospholipid and proteins used in the pneumocystis carinii pneumonia Dosage: SVN 300 mg/month use a Respirguard II nebulizer, may also be given IV or IM 4 mg/Kg/day for 14 days Side Effects: cough and bronchial irritation, SOB, bad taste, bronchospasm, rash, renal insufficiency, Precautions: Protect RT staff from inhalation of medication Class: Class V anti-infective agent |
|
|
FluMist
|
Indications: Prevention of the flu
Mode of action: Vaccination with virus to build up immunity Dosage: Nasal Spray 0.1 mL per nare one time Side Effects: Runny nose, nasal congestion, fever, sore throat Precautions: Only indicated for those who are 2 years old to 49 years old, do not give to those who are allergic to eggs |
|
|
Albuterol and Ipratropium bromide
(Duoneb, Combivent) |
Indications: Use in COPD
Mode of Action: Works on beta-2 receptors to cause bronchodilation, blocks the cholinergic receptor Dosage: SVN (Duoneb) 0.5 mg Ipratropium and 2.5 mg Albuterol QID, MDI (Combivent) 18 mcg/puff Ipratropium and 90 mcg Albuterol QID Side Effects: Bronchospasm, headache, sore throat, bitter taste Precautions: Do not use if patient has an allergy to peanuts or soybeans Class: Quaternary Ammonium Compound and Saligenin |
|
|
Fluticasone propionate and salmeterol
(Advair) |
Indications: Prophalytic treatment of COPD, and asthma
Mode of action: Bronchodilator works on beta-2 receptors and steroid reduces inflammation Dosage: DPI 100 mcg 250 mcg or 500 mcg Fluticasone and 50 mcg of Salmeterol per puff 1 inhalation BID, MDI 45mcg/21, 115/21, 230/21 Side Effects: Thrush, sore throat |
|
|
Budesonide and Formoterol
(Symbicort) |
Indications: Prophalytic treatment of COPD, and asthma
Mode of action: Bronchodilator works on beta-2 receptors and steroid reduces inflammation Dosage: MDI 80 or 160 mcg Budesonide and 4.5 mcg of Formoterol 2 puffs BID Side Effects: Thrush, sore throat |
|
|
He/O2
(Heli-ox) |
Indications: Patients with upper airway obstrucion,
Mode of Action: Creates a more laminar flow reducing the airway resistance and WOB allowing more air flow to pass the obstruction Dosage: 80% helium and 20% oxygen mix, of 70% helium and 30% oxygen mix via nonrebreather Side Effects: Voice distortion |
|
|
Perfluorcarbons
(LiquiVent) |
Indications: RDS, Aspiration syndromes, PPHN, pneumonia
Mode of action: Helps increase oxygenation Dosage: Direct instill 1 mL/Kg body weight per minute to ET tube during mechanical ventilation |
|
|
Morphine Sulfate
|
Indications: Management of pain assocaited with lung CA, severe anxiety associated with dyspnea
Mode of action: opiate analgesic Dosage: SVN 2.5 mg mix with NS PRN Side Effects: Bronchospasm, respiratory depression |
|
|
CO2/O2
|
Indications: To reverse anesthetic gas-induced respiratry depression, treatment of hiccups, improved retinal blood flow
Mode of action: Respiratory stimulant to increase ventilation, powerful vasodilator Dosage: 5% CO2 and 95% O2 or 10% CO2 and 90% O2 inhaled via a nonrebreather mask for 5-10 minute treatments Side Effects: Nauesa, vomiting, dizziness, headaches, confusion |
|
|
Nitric Oxide
|
Indications: Hypoxic respiratory failure, PPHN or ARDS
Mode of action: Potent vasodilator to helps to decrease pulmonary vascular resistance Dosage: Used in-line with a ventilator, 20ppm to 80ppm Precautions: Watch for nitrogen dioxide levels and methehemoglobin levels |
|
|
Fentanyl
|
Indications: Severe anxiety d/t dyspnea
Mode of action: Opiate analgesic Dosage: SVN 50-100 mcg mix with normal saline PRN Side Effects: Bronchospasm, sneezing, may cause respiratory depression |
|
|
Human Insulin
(Exubera) |
Indications: Type I and II Diabetes Mellitus in adults 18 years or older
Mode of Action: Dosage: DPI 1mg and 3 mg blisters. Dose is calculated using weight and taken right before meals Side Effects: Bronchospasm, low blood sugar, decreased lung function, dry mouth Precautions: Not recommended in those with underlying lung disease |
|
|
Lidocaine
|
Indications: topical anesthesia of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract
Mode of Action: Local anesthetic Dosage: 4 mL of 4% Lidocaine aerosolized about 15 minutes prior to bronchoscopy, Side Effects: cardiac arrythmias, seizures, light-headedness |
