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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the function of the respiratory system
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To get oxygen in and carbon dioxide and water out of the body
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What is the energy-releasing process that is fueled by oxygen called
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Respiration
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What is air made of
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A mixure of gases
Nitrogen = 78% Oxygen = 21% Remaining 1% = carbon dioxide, water, vapor, trace gases |
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How much air do we breathe in every minute
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6 liters
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What would happen without the intake of air
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Cells would die
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What is needed for the energy producing process that takes place in the cells
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Oxygen
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Air enters the respiratory system here
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Nostrils
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How is cold air warmed?
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Heated by warm blood in the blood vessels lining the nasal cavities
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What is the function of nasal mucus
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Moistens the air
Keeps delicate tissues moist Traps dust and bacteria New mucus made every 20 min |
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What happens to old mucus
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Moved into the stomach by cilia
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Irritation in the nose causes
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Sneeze
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What keeps air moving down into the respiratory path and not the digestive path
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Epiglottis
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What is the windpipe called
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Trachea
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Irritation to the trachea causes
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Cough
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Box shaped structure located at the top of the trachea
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Larynx = voice box
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What is the Adam's apple made of
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Cartilage
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2 small folds of tissue that are stretched across the larynx that vibrate when air passes through
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Vocal cords - produce voice
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Loudness of voice depends on
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Amount of air forced through vocal cords
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Pitch (high or low) depends on
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Length and tension of vocal cords
High = tight, vibrate fast Low = relaxed, vibrate slow |
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Mucous membranes of larynx are swollen and inflamed due to infection or irritation causes
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Laryngitis
(vocal cords don't vibrate freely and causes hoarseness) |
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Main organ of respiratory system
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Lungs
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Trachea branches into 2 large tubes called
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Bronchi (bronchus)
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Bronchi divide into into tiny tubes ending in hundreds of round sacs called
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Alveoli
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Function of alveoli
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Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
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Alveoli are surrounded by a network of tiny blood vessels called
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Capillaries
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Who much air do we breath
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One liter every 10 seconds
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Dome shaped muscle that causes the chest to expand
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Diaphragn
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When we inhale and the chest expands, is the air pressure inside the lungs higher or lower than outside
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Lower
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When we exhale and air is forced out of the lungs, is the air pressure higher or lower
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Higher
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What kind of muscle is the diaphragm
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Skeletal
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When the space between the vocal cords snaps shut and causes a clicking sound what happens
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Hiccup
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Function of excretory system
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Provide a way for various wastes to be removed from the body
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What wastes are removed from the body
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Water, salts, carbon dioxide, urea
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What kind of waste is urea
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Nitrogen waste
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What are the main organs of the excretory system
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Kidneys
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How do the kidneys work
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Filter wastes and poisons from the blood
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What shape and color are the kidneys
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Reddish brown kidney bean shape
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How much blood is filtered through the kidneys every day
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2,000 liters
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What are the microscopic chemical filtering factories of the kidneys
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Nephrons
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Where are wastes filtered out of the blood
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Nephrons
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Where are waste substances collected in the kidney
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Cup shaped part of the nephron called the capsule
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Wht happens to most of the water and nutrients that is filtered
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Reabsorbed into the blood
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What happens to the waste that is left and not needed by the body
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Made into urine
96% = water 4% = urea and excess salt |
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2 narrow tubes that take urine from kidneys to bladder
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Ureters
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Muscular sac that holds urine
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Urinary bladder
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How much urine can the bladder store
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470 ml
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Tube that releases urine from the body
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Urethra
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List 2 other excretory organs
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Liver and skin
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What does the liver do
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1. Removes excess amino acids from blood and breaks down into urea for urine
2. Converts hemoglobin from old red blood cells into bile |
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What is the protein in the blood called
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Hemoglobin
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How are amino acids made
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From protein
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How much skin do we have
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1.5-2 square meters
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How thick is skin
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0.5mm - eyelids
6 mm - sole of feet |
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Epidermis
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Top layer of skin
Dead cells to be shed from body No nerves or blood vessels |
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Dermis
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Bottom and thickest layer of skin
Contains nerves, blood vessels, sweat and oil glands, hair follicles |
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What helps the body get rid of excess salts, urea and about 0.5 liters of water a day
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Sweat glands
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How many sweat glands are there are where are they
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3,000,000
Found all over body - most under arms, palms, soles |
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Muscle that causes the chest to expand when you breathe
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Diaphragm
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Place where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the air and blood
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Alveolus
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Branching tube that carries air into the lungs
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Bronchus
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Structure that enables you to speak
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Larynx
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One of 2 structures that vibrates, producing sound
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Vocal cords
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Tube that provides passageway for air
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Trachea
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Directs air down respiratory path and food down the digestive path
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Epiglottis
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Main organ of respiratory system
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Lungs
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Which process rids the body of waste materials
a. absorption b. excretion c. digestion d. fertilization |
Excretion
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Why is skin an excretory organ
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Skin helps doby get rid of excess salts, urea, and water
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Would urine have more or less water on a hot day
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Less because body would need to keep more water since it would lose water through sweating
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Air passes into the trachea when the epiglottis is open or closed
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Open
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When you breathe out, your
a. rib muscles relax b. chest expands c. lung muscles relax d. diaphragn contracts |
Rib muscle relax
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Where is carbon dioxide in the blood is exchanged for oxygen in the air
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In the alveoli
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Microscopic filters in the kidneys are called
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Nephrons
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Name 3 main organs of the excretory system
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Lungs
Kidneys Skin |
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Bodys largest organ, covers an area of 1.5-2 square meters
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Skin
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Which organ belongs to both the respiratory and excretory system
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Skin
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