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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Five major air pollutants
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CO (major), sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone, particulate matter
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Four major sources of outdoor pollutants
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1. Cars and combustion
2. Coal plants 3. Waste incinerators 4. Atmospheric reactions |
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Reducing pollutants
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1. Sulfur dioxides
2. Coal combustion |
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Oxidizing pollutants
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1. NOs, hydrocarbons, ozone
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How much higher are smoker carboxyhemoglobin levels?
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5-10 times higher
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Symptoms of CO poisoning
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CNS impairments, headache, chest tightness, tachycardia, etc.
Cherry red lips |
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At what percentage level does carbon monoxide poisoning induce collapse (in a healthy person)? Death?
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> 40% COHgb. Death may occur at > 60%
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Symptoms of SO2 reaction
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Forms acid with water -- eye/skin/mucous membrane irritant. Bronchial constriction and bronchospasm.
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NO2 poisoning
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Reacts with water to produce nitric acid, leading to pulmonary edema
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At what ppm does NO2 cause pulmonary edema?
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50 ppm for 1 hr
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Is there treatment for sulfur or nitric dioxide poisoning?
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No.
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Reaction of ozone with lungs
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1. Lipid peroxidation
2. Inflammation 3. Epithelial permeation 4. Airway reactivity 5. Decreased ciliary clearance |
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At what ppm does ozone induce pulmonary dysfunction?
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> .8
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Is there treatment for ozone exposure?
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No.
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AQI
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Air Quality Index (0-500). Values over 150 are considered unhealthy to all groups.
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What is radon?
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A decay product of uranium that collects in soil.
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Average indoor concentration of radon?
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1.5 pCi/L
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Annual lung cancer deaths due to radon exposure
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21, 000
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Formaldehyde at high concentrations
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causes nasal tumors in animals
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Home sources of formaldehyde
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Building materials, unventilated fuel-burning appliances. Pressed wood products containing UF resins: particleboard, hardwood plywood, medium density fiberboard
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Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome/Sick Building Syndrome
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Allergic rhinitis or asthma exacerbation
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3 major differences between gas vs. particle uptake
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1. Gas is reversible
2. Gas is dynamic 3. Gas is saturatable |
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Absorption of non-reactive gases
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Uptake increases with particle coefficient. Absorption is dictated by Henry's Law.
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Metabolic reactive gases
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Metabolism will enhance uptake
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Direct reactive gases
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Soluble are taken up in nose, mucus protects against deeply penetrating insoluble substances
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