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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what layers are included when refering to the mucosa?
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the cells, the underlying basal lamina and lamina propria
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describe swell bodies
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swell up in the nasal passages to rehydrate since humidifing the air dehydrates them.
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what type of cell is regenerative?
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basal cells
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what is the ant. surface of the epiglottis cover with epithelium wise?
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strat squamous
post aspect is coverd in respiratory cells (pseudo strat col., ciliated) |
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what is Reinke's space?
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tight, narrow space on the vocal folds
reinke's edema is where swelling happens where the space isn't so tight |
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when can goblet cells increase in number in the respiratory system?
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when there is irritation
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where is smooth muscle found in the respiratory system?
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found in bundles at teh interface of teh lamina propria and submucosa of intrapulmonary bronchi
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a deficiency in alpha1-antitrypsin leads to what problem?
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a form of emphysema
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If we see islands of cartilage what are we looking at?
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a bronchus
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do broncioles have submucosal gland?
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no
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where is cartilage present in the respir. system?
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up to the broncioles
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what are clara cells?
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dome shaped appearance; stem cell for the bronchiole; involved in Cl- ion transport; involved in serfactant-like secretions; cc16 in the blood is indicative of damage to clara cells
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what type of collagen is assosiated with pulmonary interstial fibrosis?
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type I
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order of segments of the respiratory tract starting from the trachea.
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trachea
primary bronchi seconday (lobar) bronchi tertiary (segmental) bronchi primary (lobular) bronchioles seconary bronchioles terminal bronchioles respiratory bronchioles alveola |
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what type of neurons are found in the olfactory cells?
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bipolar neurons
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what are the sustentacular cells?
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provide nourishment and support for the olfactory cells and insulate the olfactory cells from one another
are columnar cells w/ apical microvilli forming a striated border |
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what do the basal cells do?
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regenerative cells for the susentacular and olfactory cells
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what are bowman's glands?
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seroud product contains odorant-binding proteins
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how does asthma remodel the bronchi?
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1..basal lamina thickens
2..mast cells and eosinophils are numerous. edema and inflammation of the wall. 3..submuscosal glands enlarge and goblet cells inc in number 4. hypertrophy and hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells |
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what happens to cells hieght of teh mucosa as bronchi become smaller?
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it becomes smaller as well
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what happens with goblet cells during chronic irratation?
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they multiply and extend in the smaller parts of the lungs
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Where are clara cells found?
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in terminal and respiratory bronchioles
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what protein is in an increased presence in the blood when the bronchioles are damaged?
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CC 16, from clara cells
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what do clara cells do?
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secrete serfactant, produce CC 16 protein, regulate Cl ion transport, divide to replace bronchiolar epithelium
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what are brush cells?
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have microvilli and have a sensory receptor function
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where are submucosa and crtilage absent?
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bronchioles
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what are type I alveolar cells?
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simple squamous cells that faciliate gaseous diffusion btwn blood and alveolus;
covers 90% of the surface; not capable of cell division |
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what are type II alveolar cells?
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more numerous than type I cells, but contribute less than 10% of the alveolar surface; cuboidal cells that have microvilli and secrete serfactant;
capable of cell division to regenerate type II and I alveolar cells; assos. with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome |
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what is neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?
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60% of infants born before 28 weeks have a deficiency of surfactant. inadequate surfactant production causes the lungs to collapse.
cortisol is important in surfactant sythesis |
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what are alveolar macrophages (dust cells)?
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found in alveolar lumen
heart failure cells |
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what leads to fibrosis?
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injury-activates macro-release chemical mediators that injure type I pneumocytes-hypertrophy and hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes-more release of chmical mediatory that stimulate fibroblast to inc syn of ECM
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what is emphysema?
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permanent enlargement of airspaces
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