Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Resp Acidosis
|
Any factor that interfers w/the exchange of gases between blood & air present in alveolus can result in respiratory acidosis.Can be acute or chronic, but all are related to a state of HYPOVENTILATION.
|
|
|
Resp Acidosis Test results
|
PaCO2 > 45
pH< 7.35 |
|
|
Resp Acidosis causes:
(respiratory) |
`pneumothorax
`chest wall trauma `air way obstruction `pulmonary edema `ateletasis `pneumonia `chronic emphysema & `bronchitis `COPD |
|
|
Resp Acidosis s/s
|
`tacycardia
`dyspnea `slow, shallow respirations `tremors `confusion `dizziness `altered LOC `warm, flushed skin |
|
|
Resp Acidosis Interventions
|
`Identify & treat cause
`remove airway obtructions `mechanical ventilations `O2 therapy `IV bronchodilators `IV sodium bicarbonate |
|
|
Resp Alkalosis
|
any factor that contributes to HYPERVENTILATION
|
|
|
Resp Alkalosis Test Results
|
PaCO2 < 35
pH > 7.45 |
|
|
Resp Alkalosis s/s
|
`deep rapid high rate breating
`lightheadedness `dizziness `peripheral parethesia `tingling `muscle weakness `tetany `arrhythmias |
|
|
Resp Alkalosis Causes:
|
`acute hypoxia
due to: `pnuemonia `asthma `pulmonary edema `Chronic hypoxia due to: `High altitudes |
|
|
Resp Alkalosis Interventions
|
`Identify & treat cause
`paper bag breathing `sedatives |
|
|
Metabolic Acidosis
|
an acid base imbalance caused by an increase accumulation of metabolic acids(lactic acid & ketoacids) that rise in proportion to bicarbonate,resulting in decreased arterial pH
HYPERVENTILATION occurs immediately at onset of acidosis causing respiratory compensation |
|
|
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
test results |
`pH < 7.35 (normal pH = compensation)
`PaCO2 normal `HCO3 lowered |
|
|
Metabolic Acidosis
s/s |
~Kussmual's respirations
`fruity breath `lethargy `drowsiness `confusion `headache `stupor `seizures `twitching `n/v `peripheral vasodilation `flushed skin `warm, dry skin `hyperkalemia `hyperchloremia |
|
|
Metabolic Acidosis
causes |
`ketoacidosis
`starvation `lactic acidosis `renal failure |
|
|
Metabolic Acidosis
interventions |
`saftey precautions
`VS `peripheral vascular status `monitor cardiac status |
|
|
METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
|
acid base imbalance caused by an increased loss of acid(most often from the stomach or kidneys)
HYPOVENTILATION, the respiratory compensatory mechanism, keeps more acids in the body to balance the excess bicarbonate. |
|
|
Metabolic Alkalosis
test results |
pH > 7.45(normal indicates compensation)
PCO2 normal HCO3 higher |
|
|
Metabolic Alkalosis
causes |
`vomiting or gastric draining
`diuritic therapy `posthypercapnia alkalosis `Cushing's syndrome `Primary aldosteronism `Bartter's syndrome `severe potassium depletion |
|
|
Metabolic Alkalosis
s/s |
`apathy
`confusion `stupor `tetany(hypocalemia) `decreased rr & depth `dizziness `paresthesia(fingers & toes) `n/v `seizures `hypokalemia(r/t Na levels) `hypoclhoremia(r/t Na levels) `ECG changes(alterations in T & U waves) (due to hypokalemia) |
|
|
Metabolic Alkalosis
intervention |
`monitor rr & pattern
`auscultate lung sounds `ensure adequate hydration `monitor intake & outtake `monitor serum electrolytes |
