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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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PRRS
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Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory syndrome
-enveloped RNA arterivirus -shows up during cold weather -causes farrowing problems (stillborns, mummies, premature) -interstitial pneumonia |
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porcine circovirus (PCV)
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-non-enveloped virus
-respiratory, enteric, reproductive disease -finisher pigs -immunosuppressive -see jaundice! B=bad |
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PDNS
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Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome
-vasculitis, pneumonia and fever in finisher pigs -severity varies, but skin involvement is poor |
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Pseudo-rabies virus
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Herpes virus
-causes CNS signs, respiratory and reproductive in older pigs |
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swine influenza
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-Zoonotic
-cough, high fever |
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swine mycoplasma
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-most common cause of chronic pneumonia in pigs
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bordatella bronchiseptica
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-common cause of pneumonia in piglets
-responds to tetracycline |
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Pasturella multocida
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-common cause of pneumonia in swine
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Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia
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-causes severe pleuropneumonia
-can become chronic -endotoxin |
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Salmonellosis in pigs
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-respiratory and enteric
-common in weaned pigs -endotoxin -Zoonotic -fibrinous pleuritis, "button ulcers" in colon |
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Actinobacillus suis
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-milder disease than A. pleuropneumonia (no pleuritis)
-necrotic pneumonia and skin petichia -treat with penicillin |
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Haemophilus suis
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Glasser's disease
-common in high health herds -affects serous and synovial membranes (fibrin deposition) -pericarditis is classic, also fever, lameness, CNS signs, dyspnea |
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Streptococcus suis
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Zoonotic
-common cause of meningitis in piglets -cough, CNS signs, naval and joint infections |
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Atrophic rhinitis
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-Pasturella can produce by itself
-Bordatella can be co-pathogen |
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What cells found in TTW in horses means allergic disease?
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non-degenerate neutrophils
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normal cell numbers in equine BAL
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40% macrophages
40% lymphocytes <5% neutrophils, eosinophils |
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DDX for high neutrophils in equine BAL
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heaves, viral resp disease, bacterial pneumonia
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DDX for high eosinophils in equine BAL
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resp parasites, immune-mediated disease
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DDX for pleural effusion in horse
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bacterial pneumonia, lymphosarcoma
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comet-tails on ultrasound of lung
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-atrifacts due to irregularities on surface of lung
-mucous, exudate, blood, scar tissue |
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DDX for nasal mass in horse
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neoplasia, mycotic granuloma, ethmoid hematoma, amyloidosis
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Conidiobolus coronatus
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saprophytic fungus
-pyogranulomatous lesions -hyphae are broad, thin-walled -similar to pythium -successful treatment with systemic iodine |
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Cryptococcus neoformans
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saprophytic yeast
-associated with pigeon droppings -can cause pneumonia, rhinitis, meningitis, abortion |
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Inflammatory airway disease in horses
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-affects younger horses (ROA is older)
-2nd most common reason for poor performance in TBs -mucopus in trachea -neutrophils in BAL -not lifelong disease |
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EIPH
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-bleed in caudo-dorsal lungs
-can be associated with A-fib |
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pleural disease in horses symptoms
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colic, pain, fever, dull resp sounds, pitting chest edema
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pleuropneumonia in horses
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-caused by shipping stress, head held up
-Streptococcus zoo. is common -culture tracheal wash |
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treatment of pleuropneumonia in horses
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anti-biotics
-NSAIDs -thoracoscopy to lavage, break down adhesions -rib resection as last resort |
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pulmonary aspergillosis
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usually fatal
-mild resp signs -immuno-compromised horses |
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Pneumocystis carinii
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saprophytic fungus
-immuno-compromised horses -diagnose with BAL |
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Parascaris infection in horses
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-cough, nasal discharge
-eosinophils in TTW |
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Dictyocaulus infection in horses
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-natural host is donkey
-clinical signs similar to COPD -eosinophils in TTW |
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Rhodococcus equi in horses
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-pyogranulomatous
-affects foals -some strains worse than others -clinical signs: stiffness, pneumonia, diarrhea, abdominal abscesses -diagnose with TTW culture (not serology) |
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treatment of Rhodococcus in horses
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Any of the macrolide antibiotics (mycin), long-term
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Streptococcus equi in horses
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virulence factors: hyaluronic acid capsule, M-protein
-Gutteral pouch is site of carriers -diagnose with gutteral pouch culture, PCR on nasal swab |
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strangles treatment
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-usually only NSAIDs and electrolytes
-antibiotics only for prophylaxis or complicated cases |
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purpura hemorrhagica
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immune-mediated vasculopathy following Strept equi infection
-results in infarctions -clinical signs: leg edema, petechia, skin necrosis |
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gutteral pouch mycosis
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-usually unilateral
-stabled horses during warm months higher risk -arterial occlusion is treatment of choice |
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equine viral arteritis
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-reportable
-RNA virus -transmitted by aerosol, venereal -signs are fever, limb edema, abortion, nasal secretions -document vaccination |
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equine influenza virus
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-fever, cough, nasal discharge
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equine herpes virus
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strains 1 and 4 are upper resp pathogens
-vertical and horizontal transmission -can see abortion |
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Equine Rhinovirus
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-mild respiratory signs
-no vaccine |
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equine adenovirus
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-upper respiratory disease, GI disease in immuno-compromised horses
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African Horse sickness
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-foreign and reportable
-Arbovirus -transmitted by Culicoides -clinical signs: fever, edema, gastritis -high mortality due to pulmonary edema -vaccinate |
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epidermal inclusion cysts in horses
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uni-lateral non-painful swelling on nostril
-younger horses |
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ethmoid hematoma in horses
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-hemorrhagic mass
-unknown etiology -clinical signs: intermittant, low grade epistaxis -diagnose with endoscopy: greenish-yellow to purplish mass -treat with laser, formalin, sx -may reoccur |
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lymphoid hyperplasia in horses
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common in young racehorses
-infectious or allergic etiology -clinical signs: noise, exercise intolerance, coughing -treat with rest, NSAIDs, nasal sprays |
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nasopharyngeal cicatrix
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-web of tissue causing airway obstruction
-seen in old mares -guarded prognosis |
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dorsal displacement of soft palate
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-clinical signs: expiratory noise
-may be normal at rest -young or with inflammation - treat with antibiotics or steroids -older or with no inflammation, sx or tongue tie |
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laryngeal hemiplegia grades
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1-normal
2-asynchronous, but full abduction 3-asynchronous, incomplete abduction 4-complete paralysis |
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arytenoid chondritis
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-progressive arytenoid inflammation
-unknown etiology -signs: deformed arytenoid, granulation tissue, rostral displacement of palato-pharyngeal arch |
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allergic rhinitis in cows (breed prediliction)
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Jerseys
-thick nasal discharge |
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sinusitis in cattle
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-due to dehorning, tooth infection, trauma
-treat with local therapy (cannot reach with systemic anti-biotics) -trephinate and flush |
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necrotic laryngitis in calves
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calf diphthteria
-Fusobacterium |
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viral resp disease in cattle symptoms
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high fever, serous discharge, bronchovesicular sounds
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bacterial resp disease in cattle symtoms
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-mild/mod fever, purulent discharge, depression, wheezes and crackles
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IBR
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Rednose
-herpes virus -conjunctivitis -ML vaccine is abortigenic |
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malignant catarrhal fever
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gamma herpes virus
-latent in lymph tissue -sheep are reservoir |
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BVD
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pestivirus
-fetus infected by non-cytopathic strain between 40-125 days will be PI -syngergistic with IBR, Mannheimia |
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PI3
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paramyxovirus
-pathogen in young calves |
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pasturellosis in cattle
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Mannheimia (leukotoxin) and Pasteurella
-bronchopneumonia -2 weeks after stress event |
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Histophilus somni
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acute, often fatal septicemic disease
-seen more in north -can involve respiratory, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, nervous systems |
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extralabel use of ___ is forbidden in food animals
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fluoroquinolones
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bovine resp. syncytial virus
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paramyxovirus
-interstitial pneumonia -avoid lush feeds (syngergistic with acute bovine pulmonary and emphysema) |
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Dictyocaulus in cattle
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presents like any acute interstitial pneumonia
-may also have cough |
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Johnes disease
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Mycobacterium avium
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Bovine TB
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
-wildlife reservoir -long incubation period -diagnose with skin test |
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Bovine caval syndrome
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vena caval thrombi secondary to septic condition
-septic thrombi lodge in lung and abscess -Fusobacterium from liver abscesses -A. pyogenes from endocarditis -clinical signs: weight loss, thoracic pain, expiratory dyspnea, RH failure, epistaxis -often seen in show animals due to feed -poor prognosis |
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bovine diseases where CMI is important
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All herpes viruses, BRSV, PI3, intracellular bacteria (mycoplasma, mycobacterium, salmonella)
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bovine diseases where humoral immunity is important
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BVD, Pasturella leukotoxin, E.coli, rotavirus
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normal resp rates in large animals
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horse - 12
ruminant - 20 pig - 30 |
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enzootic nasal tumor in small ruminants
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-nasal discharge, exophthalmos
-treatment: sx |
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retropharyngeal abscess in ruminants
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-often Corynebacterium
-don't lance |
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laryngeal chondritis
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edema and suppuration of arytenoid cartilages
-treatment: removal |
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small ruminant pasteurellosis
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important disease
-pneumonia, septicemia in young -type A2 most common Mannheimia -necrotic areas surrounded by basophilic spindle leukocytes (oat cells) |
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mycoplasma in small ruminants
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-cranial lung lobes
-young lambs -nodular hyaline scars in bronchiolar walls |
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contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
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-rare in US
-high mortality |
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ovine pulmonary carcinoma
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2-4 years old
-alveolar type II origin |
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ovine progressive pneumonia
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RNA lentivirus
-clinical signs: mastitis, ataxia, paralysis, resp disease |
