Respiratory

Front 1

What are the signs of respiratory distress?

Back 1

* breathing rate
* color changes
* grunting
* nose flaring
* retractions
*sweating
* wheezing

Front 2

Eupnea

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Normal, breathing at 12-18 breaths/min

Front 3

RESPIRATORY FAILURE is

Back 3

respiratory system can’t adequately supply the body with the O2 it needs or adequately remove CO

Front 4

Bradypnea

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Slower than normal rate and depth(<10 breaths/min) associated with pneumonia, pulmonary edema, n=metabolic acidosis, septicemia, sever pain, or rib fracture

Front 5

RESPIRATORY FAILURE may be confirmed by

Back 5

ABG levels show hypoxemia, acidosis, alkalosis, and hypercapnia.

Front 6

Hypoventalation

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Shallow, irregular breathing

Front 7

Hyperventilation

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Increased rate and depth of breathing that results in decreased PaCO2 level Inspiration and expiration are nearly equal in duration called Kussmaul's respiration if associates with diabetic ketoacidosis or renal origin

Front 8

Apnea

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period of cessation of breathing; time duration varies; apnea may occur briefly during other breathing disorders, such as with sleep apnea; life-threatening if sustained

Front 9

CROUP is

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severe inflammation of the upper airway, usually caused by a virus

Front 10

Cheyne-Strokes

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Regular cycle where the rate and deoth of breathing increase, then decrease until apnea (usually about 20 seconds)
Associated with heart failure and damage ti the respiratory center (drug induced, tumor, trauma)

Front 11

CROUP s/s are

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- bark-like cough, inspiratory stridor and laryngeal obstruction to varying degrees.

Front 12

Tidal Volume

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is the volume of each breath (500ml normal)

Front 13

GROUP

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related to symptoms and can include aerosolized epinephrine, decadron, and application of cool mist. Antipyretics can control fever if present. Frequently affects children up to three years of age

Front 14

Inspiratory force

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the effort you make during inspiration

Front 15

CHRONIC BRONCHITIS is a form of

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COPD

Front 16

Thoracentisis

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aspiration of fluid or air from the pleural fluid

Front 17

COPD results from

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results from irritants and infections that increase mucus production, impair airway clearance, and cause irreversible narrowing of the small airways leading to hypoxemia and CO2 retention

Front 18

Rhinitis

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Inflamation of the mucous membranes of the nose

Front 19

CHRONIC BRONCHITIS s/s are

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dyspnea, increased sputum production, productive cough, prolonged expiration, rhonchi and wheezes

Front 20

Rhinorrhea

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drainage of a large amount of fluid from the nose

Front 21

CHRONIC BRONCHITIS maybe confirmed by which test, what does each test reveal

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chest x-ray shows hyperinflation and increased bronchovasicular markings. PFTs may reveal increased residual volume, decreased vital capacity and forced expiratory volumes, and normal static compliance and diffusion capacity.

Front 22

Rhinosiusitis

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inflamation of the nares and paranasal sinuses

Front 23

Pharyngitis

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inflammation of the pharynx (sore throat)

Front 24

What is atelectasis

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Collapse or airless condition of the alveoli caused by hypoventilation, obstruction to the airways, or compression

Front 25

LARYNGEAL EDEMA is

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edema of the mucous membranes that surround the larynx (voice box

Front 26

Atelectasis is determined by

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X-ray findings and clinical signs and siptoms

Front 27

LARYNGEAL EDEMA s/s are

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acute anaphylaxis, scarlet fever and severe inflammations of the throat

Front 28

Apiration Pneumonia

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normally resides in the upper airway

Front 29

Orthopnea

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shortness of breath when reclining pt prefers to be sitting up to help with difficult breathing

Front 30

Provide a general overview of MUCOID SECRETIONS

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Fluid imbalances that result in dehydration can severely impact airway clearance. Thick, sticky, tenacious secretions are harder to remove. Infection can also change the consistency of secretions and make them harder to remove

Front 31

SARS (sever Acute Respiratory Syndrome)

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viral respiratory illness caused by coronavirus transmitted thru dropplets

Front 32

ASTHMA is

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chronic reactive airway disease. Bronchial linings overreact to various intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, causing episodic spasms and inflammation that can severely restrict the airways

Front 33

Ghone tubercle

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is what is in the center of TB in lungs

Front 34

ASTHMA s/s are

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chest tightness, dyspnea, wheezing, primarily on expiration, tachypnea, tachycardia, and use of accessory muscle

Front 35

Lung Abscess

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is necrosis of the pulmonary parenchyma caused by microbial infection

Front 36

Pleurisy

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inflammation of both layers of the pleurae

Front 37

Provide an overview of EMPHYSEMA

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recurrent pulmonary inflammation damages and eventually destroys alveolar wall, creating large air spaces and reducing the area available to exchange O2 and CO2. Lungs are less able to recoil after expanding, air trapping and overdistention are characteristic of this disorder

Front 38

Pleurisy s/s

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taking a deep breath, coughing, or sneezing worsens the pain

Front 39

EMPHYSEMA s/s are

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barrel chest, dyspnea, pursed-lip breathing, increased use of accessory muscles for breathing

Front 40

Bronchogenic carcinoma

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is the most common malignancy associated with pleural effusion

Front 41

EMPHYSEMA maybe confirmed by

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chest x-ray reveals a flattened diaphragm, reduced vascular markings, enlarged antero-posterior chest diameter and a vertical heart. PFT’s show increased residual volume, total lung capacity and compliance and decreased vital capacity, diffusing capacity and expiratory volumes

Front 42

Empyema

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is an accumulation of thick, purulent fluid within pleural space, often with fibrin development and loculated (walled-off) area where infection is located

Front 43

What should be noted about Paradoxical movement

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movement is not an effective breathing pattern and carries the increased risk of broken rib bones puncturing lung tissue and causing further damage

Front 44

PLEURAL EFFUSION is

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excess fluid in the pleural space (between the lung and the protective layer around it. Usually this area contains a small amount of extracellular fluid that lubricates the pleural surfaces. Increased production or inadequate removal of this fluid results in pleural effusion.

Front 45

PLEURAL EFFUSION s/s are

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decreased breath sounds, dyspnea, fever, pleuritic chest

Front 46

PLEURAL EFFUSION maybe confirmed by

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chest x-ray shows radiopaque fluid in dependent regions

Front 47

Polycythemia is

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A condition marked by an abnormally large number of red blood cells in the circulatory system.

Front 48

TUBERCULOSIS is

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Airborne, infectious, communicable disease. Alveoli become infected from inhaled droplets containing tubercle bacilli

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TUBERCULOSIS s/s are

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fever, night sweats, cough with yellow mucoid sputum, anorexia, weight loss

Front 50

TUBERCULOSIS maybe confirmed by

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mantoux skin test is positive. Sputum study is positive for acid-fast bacillus and M. tuberculosis.

Front 51

ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME is

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Assault to the pulmonary system (aspiration, decreased surfactant production, fat emboli, fluid overload, neurologic injuries O2 toxicity, respiratory infection, sepsis, shock, trauma). Respiratory distress. Decreased lung compliance. Severe respiratory failure

Front 52

ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME s/s are

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Anxiety, restlessness, crackles, rhonchi, decreased breath sounds, dyspnea, tachypnea

Front 53

ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME maybe confirmed by

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ABG shows respiratory acidosis, metabolic acidosis and hypoxemia that doesn’t respond to increased O2. Chest x-ray shows bilateral infiltrates and lung fields with a ground-glass appearance

Front 54

PNEUMOTHORAX causes are

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blunt chest trauma, penetrating chest injuries, rupture of a bleb, and thoracic surgeries

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PNEUMOTHORAX s/s are

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diminished or absent breath sounds, dyspnea, tachypnea, subcutaneous emphysema, cough, sharp pain that increases with exertion

Front 56

PNEUMOTHORAX maybe confirmed by

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chest x-ray

Front 57

PNEUMONIA is

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bacterial, viral, parasitic, or fungal infection that causes inflammation of the alveolar spaces. Droplet inhalation causes inflammation and an increase in alveolar fluid, secretions thicken making ventilation more difficult

Front 58

PNEUMONIA s/s are

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chills, fever, crackles, rhonchi, pleural friction rub on auscultation, SOB, dyspnea, tachypnea, used of accessory muscles, sputum production

Front 59

PNEUMONIA maybe confirmed

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chest x-ray shows pulmonary infiltrates, sputum study to identify specific organism

Front 60

ATELECTASIS is

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localized alveolar collapse that reduces the gas exchange surface of the lungs.

Front 61

ATELECTASIS is caused by

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include mucous plugs, decreased expansion due to pain, and anesthesia

Front 62

ATELECTASIS s/s are

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diminished or bronchial breath sounds, dyspnea, anxiety, cyanosis, diaphoresis, tachycardia, substernal or intercostal retraction

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COPD s/s are

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Exertional dyspnea, weakness, fatigue and chronic, productive cough

Front 64

COPD maybe confirmed by

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increased pulmonary artery pressure measurements