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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dyspnea
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Perception of difficulty breathing
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Dyspnea is induced by
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Abnormal blood gas (pC02, p02)
Abnormalities in pH Stimulation of pulmonary receptors |
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Obstructive Lungs Diseases
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Asthma
COPD - Chronic Bronchitis - Emphysema |
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Dyspnea and airway obstruction
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Expiratory flow limitation due to narrowing of airways.
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Asthma
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Airway obstruction that is reversible, either spontaneously or with treatment
Airway inflammation Increased airway responsiveness to a variety of stimuli Airway remodeling |
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Asthma - Development of Airway obstruction
Immune response: |
Lymphocytic response CD4+ (and CD8+):
- IL-4 - IL-13 - GM-CSF (Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor) B-cells isotype switching to IgE. Neutrophils recruited |
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Asthma - Development of Airway obstruction
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- Immune response
- Inflammation - Smooth muscle contraction - Mucus hypersecretion - Eventual airway remodeling |
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Asthma - Creation of Airway obstruction
Inflammatory response |
Mast cells
Eosinophils Neutrophils - bronchospastic mediators - Histamine - Leukotrienes - Platelet activating factor |
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Symptoms of Airway obstruction in Asthma
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Shortness of Breath
Chest Tightness Wheezing Cough |
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Chronic Bronchitis -Airway Obstruction via Airway Inflammation
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-Total cell counter - 3x
-Neutrophil accumulation -Eosinophils -Depressed helper/suppressor T-cells Macrophage infiltration of bronchial mucusa Epithelial and mucus gland hyperplasia Ciliary denudation |
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Symptoms of Airway Obstruction in Chronic Bronchitis
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SOB
Cough Wheeze +/- No tightness in chest (as in asthma) |
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Emphysema - Airway Obstruction
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Inflammation - early lesion of respiratory bronchiolitis with plump, activated MACROPHAGES
Imbalance of proteases/antiproteases - Neutrophil elastas - Macrophage matric metalloproteinase Inactivation of antiproteases Additional OXYGEN RADICAL mediated lung injury and inactivation of antiproteases |
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Symptoms of Emphysema
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SOB
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