Respiration

Front 1

what does aerobic metabolism use?

Back 1

-oxygen
-release CO2

Front 2

are pulmonary arteries oxygenated or deoxygenerated?

Back 2

deoxy

Front 3

what is pul. vein oxy or deoxy?

Back 3

oxy

Front 4

what are the purposes of the respiratory system?

Back 4

-vocalization
-regulates body PH
-protects against inhaled pathogens and irritating substances
-facilitates gas exchange

Front 5

what happens at alveoli?

Back 5

exchange from inhaled air to blood and blood to exhaled air

Front 6

what connects the 12 pairs of ribs?

Back 6

intercostal muscle

Front 7

what is the pleural membrane? what does it surround

Back 7

-elastic connective tissues and capillaries, opposing layers of which are filled with pleural fluid
-the lung

Front 8

larynx or pharynx is air only?

Back 8

larynx

Front 9

where does deoxy blood from right heart go?

Back 9

alveoli

Front 10

oxy blood from left heart goes to...?

Back 10

conducting airways

Front 11

how much of blood returns to left heart via pulmonary veins?

Back 11

almost all

Front 12

what do airways do?

Back 12

warm it, humidify it, and filter it

Front 13

why do we warm air?

Back 13

so alveoli are not damaged and so core body temp doesn't change

Front 14

why humidify air?

Back 14

so exchange epithelium does not dry out

Front 15

what do type I cells in alveoli do?

Back 15

gas diffusion (so thin). 95%

Front 16

WHAT ARE type II cells in alveoli for?

Back 16

releasing surfactant (to keep lungs wet so gas exchange can occur) . 5%

Front 17

what is pulmonary circulation?

Back 17

mad flow, low pressure

Front 18

how much blood at any given moment will pulmonary circulation contain?

Back 18

0.5 L

Front 19

why is rate of blood flow through lungs much higher than other tissues?

Back 19

because lungs receive the entire CO of right ventricle (5L/min)

Front 20

how much blood in lungs vs. body?

Back 20

as much blood flows thorugh lungs as does the entire rest of the body in teh same amount of time

Front 21

what is considered low pulmonary pressure (pulmonary circulation)

Back 21

25/8 mm Hg

Front 22

what does low pressure mean for the right ventricle?

Back 22

doesn't hav eto pump as intense cause low resistance....shorter distance and large cross sectional area for flow

Front 23

what are the 3 gas laws?

Back 23

1. ideal gas law pv=nRT: P & V inversely related. V=1/P
2. Pressure and Volume change together
P1V1=P2V2
3. total pressure of a mixture of gases is sum of pressures of individual gases

Front 24

why does breathing in and out of lungs work?

Back 24

breath in air wants to come into low pressure, breath out area small so high pressure and it wants to go out

Front 25

tidal air

Back 25

air in and out -500 mL

Front 26

inspiratory reserve volume

Back 26

take in as MUCH as possible (3000mL)

Front 27

expiratory reserve

Back 27

exhale as MUCH as possible (3L left)

Front 28

residual volume

Back 28

air after max exhale. still 1L because lungs don't fully collapse

Front 29

are male and female total lung capacity equal?

Back 29

no boys larger because have larger lungs

Front 30

compliance:

Back 30

ability of lungs to stretch, or the amount of force that must be exerted in a body to deform it (a high compliance lung requires less ofrce from inspiratory muslces to stretch it)

Front 31

pulmonary fibrosis

Back 31

hard to inhale easy to exhale

Front 32

bronchioconstriction

Back 32

breathless

Front 33

bronchiodilation

Back 33

breath more
-asthma

Front 34

what mediates bronchiodilation

Back 34

-carbon dioxide and b2 receptors from epinephrine (give to help asthma)

Front 35

how to find TPV

Back 35

ventialation rate x tidal volume

Front 36

hyerpnea

Back 36

increased respiratory rate and /or volume in response to increased metabolism
ex: exercise (+metabolism)

Front 37

eupnea

Back 37

normal quiet breathing

Front 38

hyperventialation

Back 38

increased respiratory rate and/or volume without increased metabolism

Front 39

hypoventilation

Back 39

-decreased alveolar ventilation
-shallow breathing; asthma; restrictive lung disease
-oppose hyperventilatoin

Front 40

apnea

Back 40

cessation of breathing
ex: volunatry breath holding; depression of CNS control center
-hick up when sleeping (sleep apnea)

Front 41

what happens to bronchioles, pulmonary arteries and systemic arteries when PCO2 increases

Back 41

bronch and systemic arteries: dilate
pulm. arteries : constrict

Front 42

what happens to bronchioles, pulm. arteries and syst. arteries with when O2 increases -?

Back 42

-bronchioles and systemic arteries constrict
-pulm. arteries dilate

Front 43

hypoxic hypoxia

Back 43

low arterial pressure of oxygen
causes: high altitude,alv. hypoventilation, decreasesd lung diffusion capacity; abnormal ventilation-perfusion ratio

Front 44

ischemic hypoxia

Back 44

reduced blood flow

Front 45

histotoxic hypoxia

Back 45

failure of cells to use oxygen because cells have been poisoned

Front 46

myasthenia gravis

Back 46

illness where acetylcholine receptors are destroyed

Front 47

polio

Back 47

viral illness that paralyzes skeletal muscles

Front 48

what does obstructive lung disease do?

Back 48

diminish flow

Front 49

asthma is...

Back 49

inflammaory condition associated with allergies, characterized by bronchoconstriction and airway edeam, triggered by exercise, or changes in temp/humidity

Front 50

pulmonary embolism

Back 50

"lung attack" : clot in lungs to constrict normal circulation of gas exchange often from deep vein thrombosis in legs.
treatment: anticoagulant drugs