Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Fick's Equation
|
Rate of Diffusion of Oxygen into cells.
|
|
|
What is the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere?
|
21%
|
|
|
Partial Pressure of Oxygen decreases with what
|
Elevation
|
|
|
Mammal Lungs
|
Organ: Lung
Exchange Surface: Alveoli Air Flow: Bidirectional Model: Open Pool Pump: Thoracic Expansion |
|
|
Bird Lungs
|
Organ: Parabronchi
Exchange Surface: Air Capillaries Air Flow: Unidirectional Model: Cross Current Pump: Air Sac Expansion |
|
|
Fish Gills
|
Organ: Gills
Exchange Surface: Lamellae Air Flow: Unidirectional Model: Counter Current Pump: Bucco-Opercular Pump |
|
|
Problems with Gas Exchange in Water
|
1. Low Oxygen concentration
2. Water is dense compared to air 3. Messes with salt and water balance |
|
|
Solutions to Gas Exchange Problems in Water
|
Unidirectional flow, counter current flow of water and blood, ram ventilation
|
|
|
Problems with Gas Exchange in Air
|
Large amounts of Dead space, lots of branching, open pool
|
|
|
2 Secretions in mammalian lungs
|
1. Mucus to capture dirt
2. Surfactant to reduce surface tension |
|
|
Inhalation
|
Negative pressure in chest
|
|
|
Exhalation
|
Elastic recoil as muscles relax
|
|
|
Avian Respiration
|
Air Sacs keep air flow continuous and unidirectional. Parabronchi = Lung. 2 inhalations + 2 exhalations = 1 cycle
|
|
|
Cross Current Gas Exchange
|
Air Capillaries are perpendicular to the parabronchi for high oxygen extraction
|
|
|
What is the primary information that regulates breathing rate
|
CO2 concentration in blood. Which is monitored by the medulla. Oxygen concentration is monitored by carotid and aoritc bodies in the blood vessels
|
|
|
Medullary Respiratory Center
|
Controls Breathing Rate, a small increase in CO2 leads to a large increase in breathing. A large decrease in O2 has a small increase in breathing
|
|
|
Hemoglobin
|
4 subunits each with a heme molecule. Each heme can bind 1 O2.
|
|
|
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve
|
The different in O2 between blood and tissues drives the loading and unloading of O2.
|
|
|
Cooperative Binding
|
Heme subunits likely bind/release oxygen when another heme is bound/unbound to oxygen
Results in greater O2 delivery |
|
|
Bohr Shift
|
Increasing temperature = decrease in pH. Decreasing pH results in a increase of release of O2 from hemoglobin
|
|
|
CO2 Transport and Buffering in the blood
|
CO2 and H20 is transported as HCO3- in the blood. The extra proton acts as a buffer.
|
|
|
Erythropoietin
|
Stimulates RBC production in Bone Marrow
|
