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5 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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H1 blockers
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Reversibile inhibitors of H1 histamine receptors
1st gen - diphenhydramine, dmenhydrnate, chlorpheniramine - use in allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid tox: sedation, antimusc, anti-alpha adrenergic 2nd gen - loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetirizine use in allergy tox: far less sedating than 1st gen b/c dec entry into CNS |
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Expectorants
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Guaifenesin (Robittusin) - excess sputum removal, but need large doses; does not suppress cough reflex
N-acetylcysteine - mucolytic --> loosen mucuous plug in CF pts; also used as antidote in acetaminophen OD |
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Asthma drugs
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Bronchoconstriction mediated by:
1. Inflammation 2. Sympathetic tone Nonspecific B-agonists: Isoproterenol - relax bronchial smooth m (B2); tox: tachy (B1) B2-agonists: Albuterol - relax bronchial smooth m (B2) during acute exacerbation Salmeterol - long acting agent for prophylaxis; adv effects (tremor, arrhythmia) Methylxanthine: Theophylline - bronchodil by inhib phosphodiesterase and dec cAMP hydrolysis; ltd use b/c narrow TI (cardiotox and neurotox); metab by P450 |
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Asthma drugs (2)
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Muscarinic antagonists: Ipratropium - compet block of musc receptors prev bronchoconstriction; use in COPD
Cromolyn - prev release of mediators from mast cells; effective only for asthma prophylaxis; not effective during acute attack Corticosteroids - Beclomethasone, prednisone - inhibit synth of all cytokines; inactivate NF-kB (transcription factor inducing prod of TNF-alpha); 1st line chronic tx |
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Asthma Drugs (3)
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Antileukotriennes:
Zileuton - 5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor; block conversion of AA to leukotriennes Zafirlukast, Montelukast - block leuotrienne receptors; good for aspirin-induced asthma |
