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23 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
predicted leading cause of death world wide?
lung cancer
diesel fumes are a large lung disease risk factor to what population

***
children

they breathe them in while in a trailer classroom that has a school bus running next to it
Tumors arising centrally in large airways versus peripherally can produce... (this was in red, just read it)
central: cough, wheeze, hemoptysis, focal atelectasis, dyspnea, recurrent infections (pneumonia, bronchitis)

peripheral: chest pain, dyspnea or pleural effusion, voice change
what 2 things are promising for detecting tumors at a more operable stage for High-Risk patients

***
CT (Spiral or Helical) low radiation, high resolution capable of demonstrating lesions 1mm in size combined with Molecular markers in Sputum

AKA: CT and Molecular markers in sputum
80% of all lung cancers are what type?
80%: NON SMALL CELL CARCINOMA

remaining 20: small cell lung cancer
Hematogenous or Lymphatic:

adenocarcinoma
Hematogenous

NON SMALL CELL CARCINOMA
Hematogenous or Lymphatic:

squamous
Lymphatic

NON SMALL CELL CARCINOMA
Hematogenous or Lymphatic

large cell carcinoma
hematogenous

NON SMALL CELL CARCINOMA
Hematogenous or Lymphatic

small cell lung cancer

rapid or slow onset?
hematogenous

rapid
T/F

you use surgery in order to treat small cell cancer
FALSE

small-cell lung cancer is not staged using a typical surgical T, N, and M system
what is the survival rate of limited small cell cancer?
Between 4 and 5 years after diagnosis, approximately 15-30% of patients with limited small-cell will be alive and free of recurrence. For patients with small cell who do well for 2-3 years following treatment, the leading cause of death is the development of a second, smoking related neoplasm.
what is survival like for people with extensive stage small cell lung cancer
For patients with extensive stage SCLC, the outlook is not as promising. The median survival ranges from 8-12 months, however, less than 10% of patients with extensive disease are alive after 2 years, and there are very few, if any, long-term survivors
you find a pt with enlarged mediastinal nodes... what defines them as pathologic? does this mean they have cancer?
if they are greater than 1cm

Up to 30% of pts. with enlarged nodes do not have Ca.
3-16% of nodes < 1cm. have tumor involvement
for surgical staging of mediastinal cancer, what technique is the gold standard?
Mediastinoscopy
what is the most effective treatment for non small cell lung cancer stage 1 & 2

***
SURGERY
what is Cushing's disease due to?
syndrome due to ectopic production of ACTH

small cell CA
A single, peripheral, fairly smooth, well circumscribed, spherical opacity visible on plain chest x-ray
Usually less or equal to 4 cm in diameter
Completely surrounded by aerated lung
No associated effusion, atelectasis, or mediastinal adenopathy

what is this?
Solitary Pulmonary Nodule (SPN)
“Coin Lesion”
if you see a lesion with following features, is it benign or malignant?

Dense diffuse calcifications
benign
if you see a lesion with following features, is it benign or malignant?

Central Fat = ?
Central Fat = Hamartoma

benign
if you see a lesion with following features, is it benign or malignant?

Central calcification = ?
Central calcification = Granuloma

benign
if you see a lesion with following features, is it benign or malignant?

lobulation
maliganant
if you see a lesion with following features, is it benign or malignant?

spiculation
maliganant
if you see a lesion with following features, is it benign or malignant?

satellite lesions
maliganant