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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
predicted leading cause of death world wide?
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lung cancer
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diesel fumes are a large lung disease risk factor to what population
*** |
children
they breathe them in while in a trailer classroom that has a school bus running next to it |
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Tumors arising centrally in large airways versus peripherally can produce... (this was in red, just read it)
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central: cough, wheeze, hemoptysis, focal atelectasis, dyspnea, recurrent infections (pneumonia, bronchitis)
peripheral: chest pain, dyspnea or pleural effusion, voice change |
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what 2 things are promising for detecting tumors at a more operable stage for High-Risk patients
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CT (Spiral or Helical) low radiation, high resolution capable of demonstrating lesions 1mm in size combined with Molecular markers in Sputum
AKA: CT and Molecular markers in sputum |
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80% of all lung cancers are what type?
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80%: NON SMALL CELL CARCINOMA
remaining 20: small cell lung cancer |
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Hematogenous or Lymphatic:
adenocarcinoma |
Hematogenous
NON SMALL CELL CARCINOMA |
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Hematogenous or Lymphatic:
squamous |
Lymphatic
NON SMALL CELL CARCINOMA |
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Hematogenous or Lymphatic
large cell carcinoma |
hematogenous
NON SMALL CELL CARCINOMA |
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Hematogenous or Lymphatic
small cell lung cancer rapid or slow onset? |
hematogenous
rapid |
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T/F
you use surgery in order to treat small cell cancer |
FALSE
small-cell lung cancer is not staged using a typical surgical T, N, and M system |
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what is the survival rate of limited small cell cancer?
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Between 4 and 5 years after diagnosis, approximately 15-30% of patients with limited small-cell will be alive and free of recurrence. For patients with small cell who do well for 2-3 years following treatment, the leading cause of death is the development of a second, smoking related neoplasm.
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what is survival like for people with extensive stage small cell lung cancer
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For patients with extensive stage SCLC, the outlook is not as promising. The median survival ranges from 8-12 months, however, less than 10% of patients with extensive disease are alive after 2 years, and there are very few, if any, long-term survivors
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you find a pt with enlarged mediastinal nodes... what defines them as pathologic? does this mean they have cancer?
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if they are greater than 1cm
Up to 30% of pts. with enlarged nodes do not have Ca. 3-16% of nodes < 1cm. have tumor involvement |
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for surgical staging of mediastinal cancer, what technique is the gold standard?
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Mediastinoscopy
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what is the most effective treatment for non small cell lung cancer stage 1 & 2
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SURGERY
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what is Cushing's disease due to?
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syndrome due to ectopic production of ACTH
small cell CA |
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A single, peripheral, fairly smooth, well circumscribed, spherical opacity visible on plain chest x-ray
Usually less or equal to 4 cm in diameter Completely surrounded by aerated lung No associated effusion, atelectasis, or mediastinal adenopathy what is this? |
Solitary Pulmonary Nodule (SPN)
“Coin Lesion” |
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if you see a lesion with following features, is it benign or malignant?
Dense diffuse calcifications |
benign
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if you see a lesion with following features, is it benign or malignant?
Central Fat = ? |
Central Fat = Hamartoma
benign |
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if you see a lesion with following features, is it benign or malignant?
Central calcification = ? |
Central calcification = Granuloma
benign |
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if you see a lesion with following features, is it benign or malignant?
lobulation |
maliganant
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if you see a lesion with following features, is it benign or malignant?
spiculation |
maliganant
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if you see a lesion with following features, is it benign or malignant?
satellite lesions |
maliganant
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