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8 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
pulmonary edema
transudate fluid collecting in the lung tissue
- interstitial
- pleural effusion
- alveolar

CHF most common cause acute pulm edema

hallmark- ability to clear rapidly, within hours; may help distinguish from pneumonia, ARDS, hemorrhage
mechanisms leading to pulmonary edema
1. Increased hydrostatic gradient
2. Diminished oncotic pressure
3. Increased capillary permeability due to endothelial injury
causes of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
- aspiration
- transfusion reaction
- neurogenic
- ARDS
- renal or hepatic disorders
- inhalation of toxins
- allergic alveolitis
cause of Kerley lines
thickening of interlobular septa carrying lymphatics

see in interstitial edema, overwhelmed lymphatics

starts to leak into pleural space and alveoli
peribronchial cuffing vs air bronchogram
PC: interstitial edema; blurred margins of blood vessels and bronchial wall

AB:represents bronchus passing through airless parenchyma (not pleural or mediastinal opacity)
some conditions when can see air bronchograms
- consolidation
- atelectasis
- ARDS
- CHF/cardiogenic pulm edema
- lymphoma
- bronchioalveolar cell carcinoma
atelectasis on xray
collapse of air spaces gives impression of increased soft tissue density - hard to distinguish from infiltrates/consolidation from visual density alone

- anatomy shifts towards atelectasis
- linear, smooth wedge shape
- apex of opacity starts at hilum
- compensatory hyperinflation of adjoining lung
- may see air bronchograms
pulmonary infiltrates
increase visual impression of increased soft tissue density

filling of airspace with:
1) fluid (pulm edema)
2) inflam exudates (white cells, pus, protein, immunological substances)
3) cells (malignant, red cells, hemorrhage)