Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
pulmonary edema
|
transudate fluid collecting in the lung tissue
- interstitial - pleural effusion - alveolar CHF most common cause acute pulm edema hallmark- ability to clear rapidly, within hours; may help distinguish from pneumonia, ARDS, hemorrhage |
|
mechanisms leading to pulmonary edema
|
1. Increased hydrostatic gradient
2. Diminished oncotic pressure 3. Increased capillary permeability due to endothelial injury |
|
causes of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
|
- aspiration
- transfusion reaction - neurogenic - ARDS - renal or hepatic disorders - inhalation of toxins - allergic alveolitis |
|
cause of Kerley lines
|
thickening of interlobular septa carrying lymphatics
see in interstitial edema, overwhelmed lymphatics starts to leak into pleural space and alveoli |
|
peribronchial cuffing vs air bronchogram
|
PC: interstitial edema; blurred margins of blood vessels and bronchial wall
AB:represents bronchus passing through airless parenchyma (not pleural or mediastinal opacity) |
|
some conditions when can see air bronchograms
|
- consolidation
- atelectasis - ARDS - CHF/cardiogenic pulm edema - lymphoma - bronchioalveolar cell carcinoma |
|
atelectasis on xray
|
collapse of air spaces gives impression of increased soft tissue density - hard to distinguish from infiltrates/consolidation from visual density alone
- anatomy shifts towards atelectasis - linear, smooth wedge shape - apex of opacity starts at hilum - compensatory hyperinflation of adjoining lung - may see air bronchograms |
|
pulmonary infiltrates
|
increase visual impression of increased soft tissue density
filling of airspace with: 1) fluid (pulm edema) 2) inflam exudates (white cells, pus, protein, immunological substances) 3) cells (malignant, red cells, hemorrhage) |