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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 types of H1 blockers:
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-First generation
-2nd generation |
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What are H1 blockers in general?
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Histamine blockers - reversible
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What is the main difference between 1st/2nd generations of Histamine blockers?
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1st gen -- major sedating
2nd gen - not so much |
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What are the 3 first generation H1 blockers?
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-Diphenhydramine
-Dimenhydrinate -Chlorpheniramine |
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What are 3 uses of the first gen H1 blockers?
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-Sleep aid
-Allergy -Motion sickness |
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What are the 3 major 2nd gen H1 blockers?
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-Loratidine
-Desloratidine -Fexofenadine |
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What is the major use of the 2nd gen H1 blockers?
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ALLERGY
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What triggers asthma symptoms?
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Exposure to antigens - pollen, dust and crosslinking of IgE on mast cells
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What does the antigen exposure trigger to occur?
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Mast cell degranulation - release of leukotrienes and histamine
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What drug blocks mast cell degranulation?
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Cromolyn sodium
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What is Cromolyn's only use?
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PREVENTION of an attack; not to treat an acute attack
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What is the early vs late response in an asthma attack?
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Early: Bronchoconstriction
Late: Inflammation |
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What drugs block the early response?
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-Beta-agonists
-Theophylline -Muscarinic antagonists |
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What drugs block the late inflammatory response?
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Steroids
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What 3 B-agonists are used for treating asthma? specificity?
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Isoproterenol - nonspecific Beta agonist - both B1/B2
Albuterol/Salmeterol - spcf B2 |
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What are the 2 effects of Isoproterenol?
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B2 = bronchial relaxation
B1 = tachycardia |
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What is Albuterol vs Salmeterol used for?
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Both relax bronchi, no tachy;
Albuterol - acute exacerbation Salmeterol - long term prophylaxis |
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What muscarinic antagonist is used for treating asthma?
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Ipratroprium
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What STEROIDS are used for preventing inflammation and the hyperreactivity of bronchi in asthma?
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-Beclomethasone
-Prednisone |
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How do steroids work in preventing inflammation?
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-Decrease all CYTOKINE synthesis
-Inactivate NF-kB - Trscp fx to induce synth of TNF-alpha |
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Where do steroids fall in txmt choice for chronic asthma?
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FIRST
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What is the mechanism of Theophylline in treating asthma?
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Block PDE breakdown of cAMP which is what causes bronchorelaxation
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Why isn't Theophylline used more for treating asthma attacks?
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It has a narrow TI - causes neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity
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What is Zileuton?
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5-LOX inhibitor - reduces leukotrienes
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What are Zafirlukast/Montelukast?
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Leukotriene receptor blockers
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What is Zafirlukast especially useful for?
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Aspirin-induced Asthma!
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What are 2 EXPECTORANTS?
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-Guaifenesin
-Nacetylcystine |
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What is Guaifenesin in?
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Robitussin
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What is N-acetylstine useful for? Why?
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CF patients - Mucolytic; loosens mucus plugs.
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