Resp Pharm 8

Front 1

Amantadine Mechanism

Back 1

Blocks the uncoating of influenza A virus in cells by binding to the M2 ion channel

Front 2

Amantadine Mechanism Pharmokinetics

Back 2

- orally abosrbed and very stable
– eliminated renally
– 50% excreted in urine in 24 hrs so it can accumulated in daily doses
– problem b/c therapeutic dose is 1/2 to 2/3 of a toxic dose

Front 3

Amantadine Mechanism Adverse effects

Back 3

– nervousness, insomnia, dizziness, slurred speech, ataxia, inability to concentrate, and, occasionally, blurred vision
– also feeings of detachment
– some geriatrics develop paranoia

Front 4

Amantadine Mechanism Use

Back 4

consider this drug prophylactically in patients with cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, and metabolic disorders who may therefore face greater risk from illness caused by the influenza A

Front 5

Zanamivir (inhaled) and Oseltamivir (orally) Mechanism

Back 5

neuraminadase inhibitors that decrease release of virus from infected cells, increase formation of viral aggregates and decrease viral spread

Front 6

Zanamivir (inhaled) and Oseltamivir (orally) Adverse effects

Back 6

Zanamivir may cause throat and nasal discomfort and bronchospasm in asthmatics

Front 7

Zanamivir (inhaled) and Oseltamivir (orally) use

Back 7

- for flu
- can reduce severity of Sx, but mainly used ofr prophylaxis

Front 8

Trifluorothymidine Mechamism

Back 8

– for herpes simples
- incorporated into viral DNA, which fragments the DNA

Front 9

Trifluorothymidine Pharmokinetics

Back 9

– used as 1% solution for eye drops
– minimal systemic absorption when used topically

Front 10

Trifluorothymidine Adverse effects

Back 10

– After topical application to eye, occasional burning or stinging and palpebral edema
– Hypersensitivity reactions and epithelial keratopathy are rarely reported

Front 11

Acyclovir mechanism

Back 11

- phosphorylated by herpes thymidine kinase but not by cellular thymidine kinase
- The triphosphate form preferentially inhibits herpes DNA polymerase relative to the cellula
- DNA polymerase and acts as a DNA chain terminator

Front 12

Acyclovir Pharmokinetics

Back 12

– topical, oral, and IV
– kidneys excrete 90% unchanged, mainly by GF with some tubular secretion
– [] in CSF is about ½ of plasma []

Front 13

Acyclovir Adverse effects

Back 13

– occasional nausea or headaches
– carcinogenicity and teratogenicity are rare but serious

Front 14

Acyclovir Uses

Back 14

Herpes genitalis, Herpes labialis,Herpes keratitis, Herpes encephalitis and Herpes zoster

Front 15

Azidothymidine

Back 15

– RT inhibitor
– increases survival nad decreases the rate of newborn transmission
– SE’s include neutropenia, nausea, vomiting, headache, fatigue, confusion, malaise and myopathy
– Reistance can develop

Front 16

enfuvirtide mechanism

Back 16

- fusion inhibitor
- blocks HIV attachment to CD4+ cells by interfering with viral gp41-mediated fusion

Front 17

enfuvirtide adverse effects

Back 17

↑ pneumonia, skin reactions at injection site, and possible severe allergic reactions

Front 18

enfuvirtide use

Back 18

- in combo w/ other antiretroviral drugs
– need 2x daily injections
– costs $20,000 a year (while other drugs cost $10,000 a year)

Front 19

lopinavir-ritonavir combo mechamism

Back 19

- protease inhibitors
- good for strains resistant to other PI’s or for pts who have failed other regemins

Front 20

lopinavir-ritonavir combo Toxic effects

Back 20

- Lipodystrophy and hyperlipidemia

Front 21

HAART

Back 21

- Due to rapid HIV production, treat w/ this
– this is drug combo’s like a protease inhibitor and 1 or 2 RT inhibitors