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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what causes streptococcal pharyngitis?
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group A β-hemolytic streptococci
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white exudates on the tonsils are seen commonly with what?
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step pharyngitis
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why is it so important to treat strep throat?
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prevent rheumatic fever
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most upper respiratory viruses are caused by what? (bacteria, fungal, etc....)
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VIRUS
pharyngitis cases: 75% in children 95% in adults |
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pt presents with pain on swallowing, with Small pinpoint, focal or confluent areas of yellow to gray exudate are often present on tonsils . What do they have?
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Strep throat
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strawberry tongue is seen in what problem? what is the cause of this?
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Scarlet fever
Group A strep |
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what is lysogeny? what is it seen in?
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virus inserts its DNA into host DNA, and it is then reproduced in cell replication
this is seen in scarlet fever in group A lysogenized strep |
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for group A strep:
is it catalase positive or negative? O2 growth or fermentation? |
catalase negative and ferments
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what is the primary way we transmit group A strep? 2
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Direct contact with oral secretions (kids putting their hands in their mouth...or sucking face with common street trash)
Inhalation of droplet nuclei |
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please describe the difference between sensitivity and specificity
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Sensitivity is the % of positives that are really positive
Specificity is the % of negative that are really negative |
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how do you calculate spec/sens?
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how do you calculate pos and negative predictive value?
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what is the treatment for strep throat?
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Penicllin G or V for 10 days
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what happens if you treat strep too early?
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if you treat before day 2 you increase the chance for reinfection
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pt presents with sore throat, fever, pallor, tachycardia, listlessness, and pseudomembrane formation... what does this pt have? What can this lead to?
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Diphtheria
can develop peripheral vascular collapse and death |
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in culture, this bacteria looks like chinese letters
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Diphtheria
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in culture, this bacteria will produce a strong garlic odor
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Diphtheria
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what is the mode of action for Diphtheria
******** MUST KNOW (5 Steps) |
A and B fragment of toxin:
-B fragment binds to receptors -Toxin undergoes endocytosis -Toxin is cleaved by a protease enzyme -A fragment enters the cytoplasm of cell -BLOCKS PROTEIN SYNTHESIS by ADP ribosylating elongation factor 2 |
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A patient that has aortic stenosis will have a(n) (increase/decrease) in blood volume ejected into the aorta when they are standing.
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decrease d/t decreased left ventricular volume from decreasd venous return to heart
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