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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A-a gradient
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Alverolar (A) - arterial (a) gradient
normal gradient is 10-15 mmHg above 15 is abnormal - denotes a lung disease (as opposed to neurological problem, chest wall abnormality etc) |
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alveolar gas equation
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760 is atmospheric pressure
760 - 47 = 713 (subtracted water vapor) 713 x .21 = 150 (21% O2 in the air) alverolar gas equation = 150 - CO2/0.8 |
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normal pH range
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7.35-7.45
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normal pO2
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75-100mmHg
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normal pCO2
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35-40mmHg
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HCO3 normal
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22-30 mmol/l
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O2 sat normal
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95-100%
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a hypoxic patient with increased pCO2 and a normal A-a gradient
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hypoventalation
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a hypoxic patient with increased pCO2 and abnormal A-a gradient
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COPD, obstructive sleep apnea,
some sort of lung disease |
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hypoxic patient with normal/low pCO2 and normal A-a gradient
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high altitude
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a hypoxic patient with normal/low pCO2 and increased A-a gradient
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V/Q mismatch or shunt
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telling the difference between V/Q mismatch and shunt
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V/Q mismatch patients will respond to 100% O2
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T/F its possible to have 2 respiratory and metabolic disorder can happen at the same time (alkalosis or acidosis)
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False - can never happen
2 metabolic and 1 respiratory can occur |
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double acid-base disorders
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1 metabolic, 1 respiratory
2 metabolic process can't have respiratory alkalosis + respiratory acidosis |
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important causes of respiratory alkalosis
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sepsis, fever, pregnancy, thyrotoxicosis
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important causes of respiratory acidosis
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atelectasis, pneumonia, pneuothorax, pulm edema, obstruction, PE
chest wall pain, neuromuscular problems, CNS supression anything that causes hypoventilation |
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important causes of metabolic acidosis
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if increased anion gap -MUDPILES
Methanol Uremia Diabetic Ketoacidosis Paraaldehyde Isoniazid Lactic acidosis ethylene glycol Salicylate normal anion gap diarrhea fistula ileal loop renal tubule acidosis carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (acetezolamide) |
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kussmaul respiration
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deep labored breathing seen with metabolic acidosis
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important causes of metabolic alkalosis
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vomiting
hypochloremia excess diuretics high levels of aldosterone |
