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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Extraneous variable |
A variable other than the IV that could cause changes in the value of the DV |
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Confounding variable |
A variable other than the IC that has a systematic effect on the value of the DV (acting as a second, unwanted IV) - No valid conclusions can be made |
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Convenience sampling |
Participants are chosen for the sample as they are readily available - Normally unable to represent a population - Biased, research findings are unreliable |
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Random sampling |
A procedure in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. |
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Stratified sampling |
Processes by which the effects of a certain variable is eliminated as a possible confound in an experiment. |
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Random allocation |
All participants who have been selected for an experiment have an equal change of being in the E-group or C-group |
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Repeated measures design |
Each participant is part of both E-group and C-group. |
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Advs & Disadvs of Repeated measures design |
Adv: -Confounds caused by participant variables are eliminated Disadv: - Time consuming - Order effects (practice, boredom) ^ To fix this: time between two experiments, counter-balancing |
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Matched participants design |
Enables a researcher to identify a potential confounding variable and eliminate it's effects on the experiment. - Using different, but similar participants |
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Advs & Disadvs of Matched participants design |
Adv: - Matched participants will not influence results bc effects will be same in E and C group Disadv: - Time-consuming - Expensive |
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Independent groups design |
Allocates participants to E and C group at random |
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Advs & Disadvs of Independent groups design |
Adv: - Quick, drop-outs are unlikely Disadv: - Large sample is needed |
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Placebo |
An object or procedure that is expected to have no effect on the value of the DV - Administered to the C group to provide a basis for comparison with the E group. |
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Placebo effect |
Refers to a participants behaviour being influenced by their expectations of how they should behave - Caused by belief they have received treatment - May affect the value of the DV - Eliminated using single-blind procedure |
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Single-blind procedure |
Used to eliminate the placebo effect - Allocates participants in a way so they do not know whether they are in the E or C group |
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Experimenter effect |
Refers to the outcome of an experiment being unintentionally influenced by the experimenter. - EG: if the experimenter treats the members of the E and C group differently - Eliminated using the double-blind procedure |
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Double-blind procedure |
Ensures that neither the experimenter nor the participants are aware of which participants are in E-group or C-group |
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Conclusion |
- Restate p-value - Whether it is statistically significant - What that means - Hypothesis is supported/rejected - What that means |
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Generalisation |
A judgment about the extent to which research findings can be applied to the population represented by the sample. - Sample must represent population - Results must be statistically signif. - Effects of all potential confounding variables are controlled. |
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Ethical considerations (List 5 & explain) |
- Role of the experimenter - Participants rights: - Confidentiality - Voluntary participation - Withdrawal rights - Informed consent - Deception - Debriefing |
