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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What makes something a quasi-experiment, as opposed to an experiment?
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Whenever it is not possible to establish cause and effect relations because there is not complete control over the variables in the study
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What is a nonequivalent control group design?
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The experimental and control groups are not equivalent at the beginning of the design
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What threats to internal validity are particularly troublesome to a nonequivalent control group design?
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history/selection
maturation instrumentation regression to the mean |
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What is an interpreted time series design?
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There is no control group and measurements are taken for an extended period of time before and after the treatment
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What threats to internal validity are particularly troublesome with such a design?
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History/selection
Instrumentation Attrition |
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What are naturalistic obvservations?
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Study behavior as it occurs in the animal's natural environment
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What are participant observations?
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Study behavior by joining the group that you are obvserving
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What are common criticisms of observational techniques? know examples
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lack of control, potential observer bias, subject reactivity, invasion of privacy/informed consent
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What are the different kinds of survey techniques?
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Interviews, written surveys, phone surveys
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Advantages of interviews?
disadvantages? |
-allows the researcher to clarify questions, ask more probing questions, etc.
disadvantages: costs, logistics (which makes sampling a bigger issue), and interviewer bias |
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Advantages/disadvantages of written surveys?
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-easy to administer to a large diverse group of people
- poor return rate typically, who returned the survey and why? |
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Advantages/disadvantages of phone surveys?
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- more personal than a written survey, easier to do than a face-to-face
- surveys must be brief, poor response rate |
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What are the guidelines regarding the design of surveys?
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item wording, structure, be careful about the order of the items, provide some reward for responding (if possible)
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What are the common criticisms of survey techniques?
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Sampling- hard to get a representative sample
Response bias- only some of the people you contact will participate, why? question wording |
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What is a case study?
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An in-depth analysis of one person's behavior
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What are the common criticisms of case studies?
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- external validity
-researcher bias -reliance on memory |
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What is archival research?
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using existing data to study a behavior (marriage/cohabitation example)
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What are the common criticisms of archival research
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reaserch bias
missing or inappropriate data |
