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32 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Quasi-experimental designs
missing a control group or random assignment
-one group pre/post test
-time series
-non equivalent pre/post test
-non equivalent post test only
Questions for selecting a design
How many IVs
How many levels for each IV
How many subject groups
How will subjects be selected/assigned
How often are observations made
What is the sequence of interventions/measurements
Pretest/Post test Design
True experimental design
single factor/one way
Randomized controlled trials are this type
doesn't account for history/concurrent treatments
Post test only design
true experimental design
single factor/one way
only assessed following treatment
Factorial design
true experimental design
two/three way; multiple IVs with many levels
Completely Crossed
when every level of one factor is represented at every level of the other factor;
in a factorial design
Main Effect
effect of one IV without consideration of the other; looking at each by itself
Interaction Effect
can only be studied in a multifactorial design;
when the effect of one IV is different across levels of another IV
Nested design
true experimental design
multifactorial
used when some attribute variables cannot be crossed with all levels of other variables
One way repeated measures
true experimental design
single factor
one group of subjects is exposed to all levels of one treatment variable
Crossover/Counterbalanced Design
true experimental design
repeated measure/single factor
systematically varied order of treatment conditions;
when one group gets two different treatments at different times
Mixed Design
true experimental design
multifactorial
an independent factor is tested at all levels pre and post as well as across time
One group pre/post test
quasi-experimental design
measures are taken pre/post on one group of subjects;
no comparison group
Non equivalent pre/post test
quasi experimental design
multi-group
subjects not randomly assigned
use historical controls (previously received different treatment)
Efficacy
word related to Internal Validity
Effectiveness
word related to external validity/generalizability
In a single subject design the target behavior is this
(the dependent variable)
observable
quantifiable
valid indicator of treatment effectiveness
Two important features of single subject baselines
stability
trend
Stability
consistency of a response over time
Trend
rate of change in behavior;
need 3-4 data pts
Target Behaviors are measured in these ways
frequency
duration
magnitude
Types of Reliability
Total (percentage)
Point by point (agree/total)
Occurrence/Nonoccurrence (agree on occurance/someone thinks it occurs)
ABA Design
single subject design
replicates a baseline phase following intervention (withdraw and reinstate)
ABAB Design
Single Subject design
gives two opportunities to evaluate the intervention effects (withdraw and reinstate)
Interactive Designs
Single subject design
studies two or more treatments at once
Alternating Treatment Designs
Single subject design
treatments are rapidly alternated
Multiple baseline design
used when treatment withdrawal is unethical
can be done across subjects, conditions, or behaviors
Changing Criterion Design
single subject design
interventions are geared toward gradual development of a target behavior (goals)
Visual Analysis focuses on
level (magnitude at baseline and intervention)
trend
stability
Celeration Line
line that represents linear trend
acceleration/decceleration
Split middle line
line that divides data into two equal parts;
median
slope
Generalization of findings
External Validity
Direct Replication
Systematic Replication
Clinical Replication
Social Validation (importance)