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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the principles and norms listed in the Belmont Report?
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Respect for Persons
Beneficence Justice Voluntary Informed Consent -Info -Comprehension -Voluntariness |
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Belmont Report:
Respect for Persons |
Incorporates 2 ethical convictions
1. Individual is capable of deliberating & making individual decisions & choices 2. Persons w/diminished autonomy are entitled to special protection |
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Belmont Report:
Beneficence |
Researchers shouldn't harm participants & should seek to maximize potential benefits & minimize risks for all
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Belmont Report:
Justice |
Research shouldn't be exploitative & there should be a fair distribution of risks & benefits
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Belmont Report:
Voluntary Informed Consent |
1. Info - should be provided to participants in lang they can understand & it should be assured they understood
2. Comprehension: participants hould have legal capacity & ability to understand info & risks involved 3. Voluntariness: participation is done freely & there should be good rapport |
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Why is good rapport important?
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B/c it can strengthen the ecological validity of the study
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Privacy
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This refers to participants' concern about controlling access to info about themselves
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T/F There is always the potential for a conflict between the right of privacy & goal of the research
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True
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While ID can not always remain _________, it is important that the data remains _________
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Anonymous.....data should remain confidential
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What should you do to ensure that members of your population do not consider your questions to be an invasion of privacy?
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Ask them
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Assessment of Risks & Benefits:
Risk |
Refers to both the probability of harm & to the magnitude & type of harm individuals may experience by participating
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Ethical issues related to sample selection
Response Rate |
you need to balance obtaining high RR w/respect for ppl who decide not to take part
-ok to try and convince, offer incentives, but can't try to coerce |
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Ethical Issues related to sample selection
Dropout |
issue in multisession & longitudinal research
-avoid by offering rewards at end or maintaining good rapport -NO coercion |
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3 Ethical issues in sample selection
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Cooperating Agencies
Response Rate Dropouts |
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Ethical Issues & Methods Section
Ethical Issues in the Design |
All good research should begin w/pilot testing to ensure that the design & instruments are appropriate & work well to answer research questions
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Ethical Issues & Methods Section
Deception |
More likely to arise in experimental research, but can occur in qualitative & survey research
Involves misrep of facts; occurs when investigator doesn't fully inform the subjects about the important aspects of the study or its goals, omission or concealment has occurred |
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Ethical Issues & Methods Section
Debriefing |
This is almost always a good idea & involves discussion of the goals of the study & their experience
Avoid if involves demeaning the participants' bx or attitude |
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Ethical Issues & Methods Section
Experimental, Nonexperimental, & Qualitative Research |
Do not physical harm!
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Ethical Issues & Methods Section
Selection/Development of the Instruments |
Reliability & Validity don't apply to instruments so much as their use for certain purposes & participants
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Institutional Review Boards
Does Pilot Testing require IRB review? |
No
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Pilot Testing
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Involves trying out procedures or fine-tuning a questionnaire w/ a few acquaintances or knowledgeable ppl in the field
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Pilot Studies
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When data is collected and analyzed from participants like those to be used in the research
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Institutional Review Board
Do pilot studies need IRB review? |
Yes
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Integrity of the Data
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Data should be free from fabrication, falsification, carelessness, bias, or false inferences, recording, entering of data
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