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20 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
When conducting experiments research psychologists must
A. treat human subjects in a way that maintains their rights and dignity
B. Care for the well fare of animals when they are the subjects
C. be honest with the treatment of data
Beneficence and Non-Malfeasance
Establishes the principle that psychologists must constantly weigh the benefits and the costs of the research they conduct and seek to achieve the greatest good in their research.
Fidelity and Responsibility
obligates researchers to be constantly aware of their responsibility to society and reminds them always to exemplify the highest standards of professional behavior in their roles as researchers.
Integrity
compels researchers to be scrupulously honest in all aspects of the research enterprise
Justice
Obligates researchers to treat everyone involved in the research enterprise with fairness and maintain a level of expertise that reduces the chances of their work from showing the effects of any form of bis
Respect for peoples rights and dignity
Translates into a special need for research psychologists to be vigorous in their efforts to safeguard the welfare and protect the rights of those volunteering for research.
Institutional review board
Reviews research proposals based on rationale, procedures, and risks and their justification. Made up by faculty members of several departments, at least 5 people, at lease one member of the outside community, and at least one scientist.
IRBS distinguish types of review
Exempt, expedited, and full review P. 45
Issues with the IRB
1. Some nonspecialists may not completely understand an experiment they are reviewing.
2. The perception among some researchers that it is difficult to win approval for some basic experiments.
3. Some IRBs can be over zealous in their concern for risk.
4. Some IRB's use a biomedical research model for evaluation, in which researchers are asked to respond to irrelevant criteria regarding the expt.
Assent
to give assent is to say yes , regarding children it refers to the willingness on the part of the child to participate in the study.
Debriefing
time during which the experimenter answers any questions the participants might have and fills them in about the purpose(s) of the study.
De-hoaxing
means revealing the purpose of the experiment to participants and the hypothesis being tested.
Desensitizing
the process of reducing any stress of other negative feelings that may have been experienced during the session. Subjects are also informed their data may be removed. P. 57
In summary research using human participants ethical obligations include
1. Developing a study in which the overall benefits outweigh the overall costs
2. Not doing anything that would cause harm to the subjects
3. Gaining the informed consent of the participants
4. Assuring volunteers they can quit at any time with no penalty.
5. Providing some form of debriefing
6. Assuring confidentiality
Miller's arguments supporting animal research
A. animal activists sometimes overstate the harm done to animals in psychological research.
B. Animal research provides clear benefits for the well being of humans and animals. P. 64
Guidelines for using animals in a study.
A. B. C.
A. the need to justify the study when the potential for harm exists.
B. The proper acquisition and care of animals both during and after the expt.
C. The use of animals for educational purposes rather than research.
Justifying the study w animals
A. Increase knowledge of the processes underlying the evolution, development, maintenance, alteration, control or biological control of behavior.
B. increase in understanding of the species under study
C. provide results that benefit the health or welfare of humans or animals.
Types of scientific fraud
1. No data collected just made up
2. Some data collected and some is omitted to improve results
3. some data is collected but missing data is guessed on.
4. suppressing an entire study because results do not come out as expected.
Reasons why false data is not discovered
high amount of volume produced, lack of replication effects
Ways to detect falsification
Peer review, false data won't me replicated