Research Methods Chapter 1

Front 1

Authority

Back 1

A way of knowing proposed by Charles Peters in which a person develops a belief by agreeing with someone perceived to be an expert

Front 2

A priori method

Back 2

A way of knowing by Charles Peirce in which a person develops of the belief by reasoning and reaching agreement with others who are convinced of the merits of the reasoned argument

Front 3

Empiricism

Back 3

A way of knowing that relies on Direct observation or experience

Front 4

Belief perservation

Back 4

Unwilling to consider evidence that contradicts a strongly held veiw similar to Pierce's principle of tenacity

Front 5

Confirmation bias

Back 5

Social cognition bias in which events that confirm a strongly held belief or more readily perceive and remembered. disconfirming events are ignored or forgotten

Front 6

Availability heuristic

Back 6

Social cognition bias in which Vivid and memorable events lead to people overestimateing the frequency of occurrence of these events

Front 7

Determinism

Back 7

Assumption made by scientists that all events have causes

Front 8

Discoverability

Back 8

The Assumption made by scientists that the causes of events can be discovered by applying scientific method

Front 9

Statistical determinism

Back 9

Assumption made by research psychologist that behavioral events can be predicted with a probability greater than chance

Front 10

Objectivity

Back 10

Said to exist when observations can be verified by more than one Observer

Front 11

Introspection

Back 11

Method used in the early years of psychological science in which an individual completed a task and then describe the event occurring in Consciousness while performing the task

Front 12

Data-driven

Back 12

Describes the belief of research psychologist that includes about Behavior should be supported by data collected scientifically

Front 13

Empirical question

Back 13

A question that can be answered by making object of observations

Front 14

Theory

Back 14

A set of statements that summarize and organize existing information about a phenomenon provides an explanation for it and serves as a basis for making predictions to be tested empirically

Front 15

Falsification (principle of falseibility)

Back 15

Research strategy advocated by popper that emphasizes putting theories to the test by trying to disprove or falsify them

Front 16

Pseudoscience

Back 16

The field of inquiry that attempts to associated with true science relies exclusively on selective evidence to be adequately tested

Front 17

Anecdotal evidence

Back 17

Evans from a single case that illustrates a phenomenon relied on exclusively as a pseudo science faculty conclusion can be easily drawn

Front 18

Effort justification

Back 18

After expending a large amount of time or effort to obtain some gold people given the effort feel pressured to convince themselves the effort was worthwhile even if the resulting outcome is less positive than expected

Front 19

Description

Back 19

The goal of psychological science and which behaviors are accurately classified 4 sequences of environmental stimuli and behavioral events are accurately listed

Front 20

Laws

Back 20

Regular predictable relationships between events

Front 21

Prediction

Back 21

The goal of psychological science in which statements about the future occurrence of Behavioral events are made usually with some probability

Front 22

Explanation

Back 22

The goal of Science in which the causes of events are sought

Front 23

Application

Back 23

A goal of Science in which basic principles discovered through scientific methods are applied to solve problems