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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Factorial Designs (Variables rarely exist in isolation) |
- Behaviouris usually influenced by a variety of different variables acting &interacting simultaneously; therefore, - Researchers design experiments thatinclude more than one independent variable because it creates a more ‘realistic’situation (than single factor studies) |
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Factor Factorial Design |
- Multiple independent variables in a single study - Generically denoted by a letter (A,B, etc.) Factor- A single IV |
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Minorityof studies use only one IV (i.e., those we have been discussing) |
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Levels |
Number of conditions that exist for each factor |
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Conditions |
Number of conditions determined bymultiplying number of levels for each factor |
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2 x 3 factorial design --> 2 factors; one with 2 levels & one with 3 levels Number of conditions determined bymultiplying number of levels for each factor - 2 x 3 = 6 conditions |
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Manipulationof 2 or more IVs |
Could also have quasi-IVs (e.g., age,gender) |
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Main Effects (Combiningfactors) |
See how each individual factor (IV)influences behavior/measure (DV) Two-factor study; three sets of meandifferences - The mean difference from the maineffect of Factor A - The mean difference from the maineffect of Factor B - The mean difference from theinteraction between factors |
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Interaction
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See how the group of factors (IVs) actingtogether can influence measure (DV) Graphicalrepresentation - Parallel lines = no interaction(factors independent) - Non-parallel lines = interaction |
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PowerPoint Slide on ch.11 (slide 8, 11, 12, 15, 16, ) |
Thedifferences between column means define the maineffect for one factor Differencesbetween the row means define the maineffect for the second factor |
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Slide 39 on Mixed Two-Factor Study |
Type of Word = W-S factor Mood = B-S factor |
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Mixture of true IVs & quasi-IVs Research Strategies (Slide 43) |
Pureexperimental research design – IVs are manipulated by the researcher Designswhere not all IVs are manipulated by the researcher (quasi-IVs) |
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Higher-order factorial designs |
Three or more factors (morecomplex) |
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Three-factor design
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Evaluate - main effects for all 3 factors (A,B, C) - two-way interactions (A x B, A x C,B x C) - three way interaction (A x B x C) *Indicates two-way interactionbetween A &Bdepends on the levels of factor C |
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Usingorder of treatments as a second factor (Three possible outcomes) |
1) No order effects:
2) Symmetrical order effects:The scores in the second treatmentare influenced by participation in the first treatment 3) Non-symmetrical order effects: An order effect existsEffect is different, depending onthe order |
