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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 types of developmental research
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developmental and cross sectional
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relationship between the 2 developmental research types and age..
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longitudinal underestimates age changes
cross sectional overestimates age changes |
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multiple baseline design solves for.. but affected by..
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ethical issue of having to remove treatment but may have carryover effects
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reversal design (ABA) problematic when..
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can't/shouldn't remove treatment
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4 descriptive stats scales are..
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nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio
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describe 2 skewed distributions..
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+ is a hard test, mean > median > mode
- is a easy test, mode > median > mean |
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% tile rank has what type of distribution
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rectangular so any given range of scores have same # of people
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4 types of decisions in inferential stats
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true null, type I error, power, & type II error
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parametric test used for and it's assumptions are
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interval/ratio data
homogeneity of variance & normal distribution |
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non-parametric test used for and it's assumptions are
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nominal or frequency data
assumptions of parametric not met |
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in what 2 ways is factorial ANOVA different from one way ANOVA
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factorial has more than 1 independent and gives info. re: main effect & interactions
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MANOVA has
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at least 2 dependent variables
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what's a clue that a study involves non-parametric tests?
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involves counting & no means are involved
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2 research variables
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independent- manipulated by experimenter
dependent- outcome variable |
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pygmalion effect also called
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rosenthal effect
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best way to control internal validity threat
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random assignment
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how is random assignment different from random selection
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assignment refers to placing into groups once selected selection refers to randomly picking from the population
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demand characteristics are..
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cues in research that might lead to research effects
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8 threats to interval validity
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history, maturation, testing, instrumentation, stat regression, selection, mortality, experimenter bias
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interval validity refers to
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experimenter control
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external validity refers to
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generalizability of study results
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best way to control external validity is
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random selection
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qualitative studies lack but are useful for
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internal & external validity but identify future studies
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standard deviation curve:z scores for 84%tile, 16%tile, 98%tile, 2%tile
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z= +1, z= -1, z= +2, z= -2
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68% of scores are where on the z distribution? 95% of scores are where on the z distribution?
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between -1z & +1z and between -2z & +2z
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sampling error is
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difference between parameter and statistic
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significant ANOVA means
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population means are different
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name the non-parametric test equivalents for independent t test, correlated t test, one way ANOVA
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mann whitney u, wilcoxon matched pairs, kruskal-wallis
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what is the mann whiteny u test?
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rank ordered data
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what is the chi square test?
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nominal/frequency data
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sampling distribution compared to the population distribution
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is less variable
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