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13 Cards in this Set

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Experimental research :

-The purpose is to establish the existence of a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables.


-an experiment manipulates one variable while a second variable is measured


-other variables are controlled

Experiment,or true experiment:

-An experiment attempts to show that changes in one variable are directly responsible for changes in a second variable

Independent variable:

-the independent variable is the variable manipulated by the researcher.


-In behavioral research, the independent variable usually consists of two or more treatment conditions to which participants are exposed

Treatment condition:

- is a situation or environment characterized by one specific value of the manipulated variable.


-levels of the independent variable


-An experiment contains two or more treatment conditions that differ according to the values of the manipulated variable

Levels:

-The different values of the independent variable selected to create and define the treatment conditions

Dependent variable:

-a variable whose value depends on that of another.


-The dependent variable is typically a behavior or a response measured in each treatment condition. strap

Extraneous variable:


-All variables in the study other than the independent and dependent variables are called extraneous variables.

Manipulation:

-the researcher is looking for the possible effect on the dependent variable that might be caused by changing the independent variable

Randomization and Random assignment:

-Randomization is the use of a random process to help avoid a systematic relationship between two variables


-Random assignment is the use of a random process to assign participants to treatment conditions.

Experimental group, Control group, No-treatment control group:

-experimental group refers to the treatment condition in an experiment


- control group refers to the no-treatment condition in an experiment


- no-treatment control group is a condition in which the participants do not receive the treatment being evaluated

Placebo effect and Placebo control group

- The placebo effect refers to a response by a participant to an inert medication that has no real effect on the body.


-The placebo effect occurs simply because the individual thinks the medication is effective


-placebo control group is a condition in which participants receive a placebo instead of the actual treatment

Manipulation check:

-is an additional measure to assess how the participants perceived and interpreted the manipulation and/or to assess the direct effect of the manipulation

Simulation and Field study:


- A simulation is the creation of conditions within an experiment that simulate or closely duplicate the natural environment


-field study refers to research conducted in a place that the participant or subject perceives as a natural environment