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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Non-experimental & Quasi-experimental research strategy |
-typically involve comparison of scores from different groups or different conditions -both use a non-manipulated variable to define the groupsor conditions being comparedstudy - It’susually a participant characteristic (such as male versus female) or a timevariable (such as before versus after treatment). -diff : nonexperimental make little or no attempt to control threats tointernal validity, whereas quasi-experimental designs actively attempt to limitthreats to internal validity |
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Non-equivalent group design |
-the different groups of participants are formed under circumstances that do not permit the researcher to control the assignment of individuals to groups -cannot use random assignment to create groups -e.gif you are doing a study on osteoporosis that needed 50 female students the researcher cant just randomly selectstudents on campus because some may be male |
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Differential research design |
-A research study that simply compares pre-existing groups -participant characteristic such as gender, race, orpersonality to automatically assign participants to groups. -e.gall agreeable people in group A and all neurotic people in group B -is a nonexperimental research design -not randomly assigned |
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Non-equivalent control group design |
-A non-equivalent control group design uses pre-existing groups, -one is the treatment condition and the other in the control condition. -The researcher does not randomly assign individuals to the groups |
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Posttest-only non-equivalent control group design |
-compares two non-equivalent groups of participants. -Onegroup is observed (measured) after receiving a treatment, and the other groupis measured at the same time but receives no treatment. -is a nonexperimental research design |
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Pretest–posttest non-equivalent control group design |
-compares two non-equivalent groups. -Onegroup is measured twice, once before a treatment is administered and onceafter. · -Theother group is measured at the same two times but does not receive anytreatment. -classifiedas quasi-experimental. |
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One-group pretest–posttest design |
-each individual in a single group of participants is measured once before treatment and once after treatment. -is non-experimental |
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Time-series design |
-has a series of observations for each participant before a treatment or event and a series of observations after -Atreatment is a manipulation administered by the researcher -an event is anoutside occurrence that is not controlled or manipulated by the researcher |
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Developmental research designs |
-used to study changes in behavior that relate to age -type of nonexperimental research · -purpose is to describe the relationshipbetween age and other variables. -e.g ifa researcher is interested in how language ability changes with age |
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Cross-sectional developmental research design |
-is a between-subjects design that uses a separate group of participants for each of the ages being compared -e.g,a researcher who wants to examine the relationship between IQ and aging couldselect three different groups of people—40 year olds, 60 year olds, and 80 yearolds—and could then measure IQ for each group. |
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Cohorts: |
Individuals who were born at roughly the same time and grew up under similar circumstances |
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Cohort effects, or generation effects: |
refer to differences between age groups caused by unique characteristics or experiences other than age |
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Longitudinal developmental research design: |
examines development by observing or measuring a group of cohorts over time. |
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Quasi-independent Dependent variable |
-the variable that is used to differentiate the groups of participants or the groups of scores being compared -andthe variable that is measured to obtain the scores within each group is calledthe dependent variable |
