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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is gonadotropin-releasing hormone released from the hypothalamus?
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There must be adequate levels of Leptin hormone from adipose tissue
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What are the two gonadtropins?
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Follicle-stimulating hormone and Leutenizing hormone.
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Describe what FSH and LH do in females and males.
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FSH causes maturation of sperm and secretion of inhibin. LH causes secretion of testosterone.
Females: FSH causes maturation of egg and LH causes release of egg. FSH causes secretion of estrogen and inhibin and LH causes secretion of progesterone. |
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When are the levels highest in the female cyle for estrogen and progesteron?
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First 14 days = high levels of estrogen
Last 14 days = high levels of progesterone. |
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What are oogonia and spermatagonia and how do they divide and what do they produce?
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They are stem cell that divide by MITOSIS and produce oocytes and spermatocytes.
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What do oocytes and spermatocytes undergo and what do they produce?
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They undergo MEIOSIS and produce haploid eggs (ova) and sperm (spermatozoa)
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Describe the last stage of the oogenesis process and what hormones are involved
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FSH act on ovary and 1 oocyte per month and finish meiosis 1 and start meiosis 2 and then are flushed oout and won't finish meiosis 2 unless it is fertilized. LH is another hormone that is needed during this process.
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Describe the spermatogenesis process.
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Spermatogonia divide by mitosis through out lifespan.
During puberty some spermatogonia differentiate into primary spermatocytes (by FSH). Primary spermatocytes complete both step of meiosis = 4 spermatids. Spermatids mature into spermatozoa. |
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Descibe the anatomy of a spermatozoan.
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Head (nucleus and densely packed chromosomes, acrosomal cap)
Middle (loaded with mitochondria to produce the ATP needed to move the tail). Tail (flagellum) |
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Describe fertilization.
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Ovulation releases a secondary oocyte and the first polar body; both are surrounded by the corona radiata. The oocyte is suspended in meiosis II until fertilization. Acrosomal enzymes from sperm create gaps in the corona radiata and a single sperm makes contact with the oocyte membrane, and membrane fusion then occurs, triggering the oocyte to activate and complete meiosis.
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