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99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The primary sex organs of the female
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Ovaries
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The accessory sex organs
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-Uterine Tubes
-Uterus -Vagina -Clitoris -Mammary glands |
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Ovaries
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Paired, oval organs, slightly larger than an almond
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Where are Ovaries located?
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Anchored within the pelvic cavity by several folds of peritoneum
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Broad ligament
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Drape of peritoneum that hangs over uterus
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Ovarian ligament
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Suspends ovary from uterus
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Ovarian Follicles
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Within cortex are thousands of ovarian follicles which consist of an oocyte surrounded by follicle cells
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Several different types of ovarian follicles based on what?
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Based on stages of development
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Primordial Follicle
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-Most primitive
-Consists of primary oocyte surrounded by single layer of flattened cells |
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Primary Follicle
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Consists of primary oocyte surrounded by single layer of cuboidal cells
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Second Follicle contains what?
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-Primary oocyte
-Many layers of follicle cells -Fluid-filled space called an Antrum |
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Antrum contains what?
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Contains serous fluid that increases in volume as time to ovulation nears
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What two protective structures surround the primary oocyte?
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-Zona pellucida which binds sperm
-Corona radiata |
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Vesicular Follicle
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Mature follicle or a Graafian follicle
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What does Vesicular Follicle contain?
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-Secondary oocyte surrounded by zona pellucida and corona radiata
-Enlarged antrum -Many layers of follicle cells |
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When Vesicular Follicle fully matures.............
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It ruptures or ovulation
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Following ovulation, remnants of follicle becomes what?
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Corpus luteum
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What does Corpus Luteum do?
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Secrete progesterone and estrogen which stimulates growth of uterine endometrium
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If no implantation of embryo, corpus luteum regresses and does what?
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Turns into white connective tissue scar called Corpus Albicans
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Uterine tubes aka what?
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Fallopian tubes
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Uterine tube (Fallopian tube) extend how?
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Extend laterally from both sides of the uterus
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What does Uterine Tubes contain?
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Contain ciliated columnar epithelium which move ooctye thru tube
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Secondary ooctye usually fertilized how?
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Usually fertilized in lateral part of uterine tube
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How long does it take for pre-embryo to reach the uterus?
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About 3 days
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Uterus
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Pear shaped, thich walled muscular organ within pelvic cavity
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Uterus location and shape
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Angled anterosuperiorly across superios surface of urinary bladder or anteverted
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If positioned posterosuperiorly or projected toward the rectume, it's called what?
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Retroverted which may occur in older women
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Fuctions of the Uterus
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-Site of implantation
-Supports and protects the developing embroyo/fetus -Ejects the fetus during labor |
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Regions of the Uterus
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-Fundus
-Body -Cervix |
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Fundus
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Curved superior region between uterine tubes
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Body
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Majority of uterus
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Cervix
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Narrow inferior portion, projects into vagina
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Support of the Uterus
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-Muscles of pelvic floor
-Round ligaments -Other ligaments anchor uterus to pelvic wall and sacrum |
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Round ligaments
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Run thru inguinal ligament and connect to labia major which keeps uterus anteverted
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Weakness of support of uterus can result in what?
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Result in prolapse of the uterus which protrudes thru the vagina
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Uterine wall comprised of what three layers?
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-Perimetrium-outermost layer of CT
-Myometrium-thick, middle tunic comprised of smooth muscle -Endometrium-mucosa composed of simple columnar epithelium and underlying lamina propria |
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What is Lamina propria filled with?
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Uterine Glands
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Two layers of Lamina propria
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-Basal layer- permanent layer closest to myometrium
-Functional layer-changes in thickness during menstrual cycle and is shed as menses |
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Body
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Majority of uterus
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Vagina
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Fibromuscular tube about 10c in length
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Cervix
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Narrow inferior portion, projects into vagina
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Vagina connects what?
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Connects uterus to outside of body
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Support of the Uterus
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-Muscles of pelvic floor
-Round ligaments -Other ligaments anchor uterus to pelvic wall and sacrum |
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Round ligaments
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Run thru inguinal ligament and connect to labia major which keeps uterus anteverted
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Weakness of support of uterus can result in what?
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Result in prolapse of the uterus which protrudes thru the vagina
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Uterine wall comprised of what three layers?
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-Perimetrium-outermost layer of CT
-Myometrium-thick, middle tunic comprised of smooth muscle -Endometrium-mucosa composed of simple columnar epithelium and underlying lamina propria |
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What is Lamina propria filled with?
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Uterine Glands
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Two layers of Lamina propria
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-Basal layer- permanent layer closest to myometrium
-Functional layer-changes in thickness during menstrual cycle and is shed as menses |
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Vagina
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Fibromuscular tube about 10c in length
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Vagina connects what?
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Connects uterus to outside of body
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Opening of vagina
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Vaginal orifice
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Near opening of vagina has what?
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Folds of mucosa form membranous barrier called hymen
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External Genitalia aka what?
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Vulva
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Mons Pubis
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Expanse of skin and subcutaneous CT immediately anterior to pubis symphysis
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Labia Majora
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-Paired, thickened folds of skin
-Covered with hair -Possess sebaceous and sweat glands -Homologous to scrotum of male |
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Labia Minora
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Paired folds medial to labia majora that is devoid of hair
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Space between Labia minora
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Vestibule
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What is within Vestibule?
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Resides the Urethral opening and the vaginal orifice
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Clitoris
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-Small (<2 cm), erectile body located superior to urethral opening
-Homologous to the penis |
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External fold of the labia minor is called what?
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Prepuce which forms hoodlike covering
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Mammary Glands aka what?
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-Breasts
-Produce and secrete breast milk |
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Nipple contain what?
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Contains multiple openings from internal secretory ducts
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Areola
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Pinkish/brown pigmented ring of skin surrounding the nipple
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Primary sex organs of Male Reproductive System
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-Testes
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Accessory reproductive organs of Male
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-Glands
-Ducts -Tubules All lead from testes to penis |
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Penis is organ of what?
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Copulation
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Scrotum
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Skin covered sac enclosing testes
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Temperatur of Scrotum
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Cool
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At what temperature does sperm develop?
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At about 3 degree C below normal body temperature
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Spermatic Cord consists of what?
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-Ductus Deferens
-Testicular (gonadal) artery -Veins -Cremaster muscle -Autonomic nerves |
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Functions of Testes
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-Production of sperm in Seminiferous tubules
-Production/Secretion of androgens primarily of Testosterone in Interstitial Cells |
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Tests covered by what?
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Covered by Tunical albuginea which is a thick, fibrous capsule
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Seminiferous Tubules contain what two types of cells?
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-Sertoli cells which is a non dividig support cells
- Spermatogonia which is a population of dividing germ cells |
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What does Sertoli Cells do?
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-Assist with sperm development
-Form the blood-testis barrier |
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What does Spermatogonia do?
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Continuosly produce sperm beginning at puberty
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Interstitial Space
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Spaces in between seminiferous tubules
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What does Interstitial contain and produce?
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Contains Interstitial cells and produces androgens (testosterone)
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Ducts in the Male Reproductive System
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Beginning at testis and extending thru penis, ducts are:
-Epididymis -Ductus Deferens -Ejaculatory Duct -Urethra |
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Epidydymis stores what?
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Stores sperm and aids in sperm maturation
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Ductus Deferens do what?
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Carries sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct
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Ejaculatory Duct does what?
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-Formed by junction of ductus deferens and seminal vesicle
-Located within prostate gland -Conducts sperm and seminal fluid to urethra |
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Urethra transports what?
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Transport semen and urine out of body
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Three glands screte fluids that mix with sperm called what?
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Seminal fluid
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Secretions of Seminal fluid does what?
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Nourish sperm and neutral acidity of the vagina
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Three glands of Male Accessory
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-Seminal Vesicles
-Prostate gland -Bulbourethral glands |
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Seminal Vesicles
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-Paired glands located on posterios surface of urinary bladder
-Lateral to ampulla of ductus deferens |
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What does Seminal Vesicles secrete?
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Secrete viscous, whitish-yellow, alkaline fluid containing fructos and prostaglandins
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Prostate Gland located where?
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Located immediately inferior to urinary bladder
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Prostate Gland secretes what?
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Secretes directly into prostatic urethra
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Prostate Gland secretion contains what?
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-Lubricant
-Nutrients for sperm -Antibacterial proteins -Prostatic-specific antigen (PSA, enzyme that helps liquify semen) |
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Bulbourethral Glands located where?
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Located on either side of membranous urethra
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Bulbourethral Gland secretes what?
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Secrete mucin for lubrication which enters spongy urethra at base of penis
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Semen
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Seminal fluid from three glands combines with sperm to make up semen
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Semen aka what?
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Called ejaculate when released during intercourse
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3-5ml of ejaculation contains how many sperms?
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200-500 million sperm
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Penis structures
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-Root- internal, attached portion of penis
-Body- (shaft), elongated portion of penis -Glans - tip of penis which surrounds external urethral orifice |
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Penis shaft comprised of what?
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Three parallel, cylindrical erectile bodies:
-Paired Corpora Cavernosa -Single Corpus Spongiosum |
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Corpora Cavernosa
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Located dorsolaterally which terminates at distal shaft of penis
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Corpus Spongiosum
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-Located inferior and midline
-Surrounds penile (spongy) urethra -Distal end continues within glans |
